%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "0.24",
%%%     date            = "28 June 1997",
%%%     time            = "11:13:44 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "unicode.bib",
%%%     address         = "Center for Scientific Computing
%%%                        Department of Mathematics
%%%                        University of Utah
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     checksum        = "26555 2463 11023 103200",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography, Unicode",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This bibliography records publications on
%%%                        Unicode, an ANSI/ISO Standard 16-bit
%%%                        character set.
%%%
%%%                        At version 0.24 of this bibliography, the
%%%                        year coverage looked like this:
%%%
%%%                             1990 (  4)     1993 ( 25)     1996 ( 11)
%%%                             1991 (  3)     1994 ( 29)     1997 (  9)
%%%                             1992 (  5)     1995 (  9)
%%%
%%%                             Article:         46
%%%                             Book:            19
%%%                             InProceedings:   11
%%%                             Manual:           1
%%%                             Misc:             5
%%%                             Periodical:       1
%%%                             Proceedings:     11
%%%                             TechReport:       1
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:   95
%%%
%%%                        The Unicode Consortium offers an Internet
%%%                        anonymous ftp site at unicode.org, and a
%%%                        World-Wide Web server at URL
%%%                        http://unicode.org/, accessible via Web
%%%                        clients like arena, hotjava, lynx, netscape,
%%%                        and xmosaic.  There is also an overview of
%%%                        Unicode and ISO 10646 character sets at
%%%                        http://www.nada.kth.se/i18n/ucs/unicode-iso10646-oview.html.
%%%                        These resources can be expected to provide
%%%                        the most up-to-date information on Unicode.
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography has been collected from
%%%                        bibliographies in the author's personal
%%%                        files, from the OCLC Contents1st database,
%%%                        from the IEEE INSPEC database, from the
%%%                        computer graphics bibliography archive at
%%%                        ftp.siggraph.org, and from the computer
%%%                        science bibliography collection on
%%%                        ftp.ira.uka.de in /pub/bibliography to
%%%                        which many people of have contributed.  The
%%%                        snapshot of this collection was taken on
%%%                        5-May-1994, and it consists of 441 BibTeX
%%%                        files, 2,672,675 lines, 205,289 entries,
%%%                        and 6,375 <at>String{} abbreviations,
%%%                        occupying 94.8MB of disk space.
%%%
%%%                        Numerous errors in the sources noted above
%%%                        have been corrected.  Spelling has been
%%%                        verified with the UNIX spell and GNU ispell
%%%                        programs using the exception dictionary
%%%                        stored in the companion file with extension
%%%                        .sok.
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen as
%%%                        name:year:abbrev, where name is the family
%%%                        name of the first author or editor, year is a
%%%                        4-digit number, and abbrev is a 3-letter
%%%                        condensation of important title
%%%                        words. Citation tags were automatically
%%%                        generated by software developed for the
%%%                        BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted
%%%                        first by ascending year, and within each
%%%                        year, alphabetically by author or editor,
%%%                        and then, if necessary, by the 3-letter
%%%                        abbreviation at the end of the BibTeX
%%%                        citation tag, using ``bibsort -byyear''.
%%%                        Year order has been chosen to make it
%%%                        easier to identify the most recent work.
%%%
%%%                        Historical note: a library search on the name
%%%                        ``Unicode'' turns up several entries that
%%%                        predate its use for an international computer
%%%                        character set standard.  These include:
%%%
%%%                            ``Unicode'': the universal telegraphic
%%%                            phrase-book, London (1889, 1896, 1901,
%%%                            1910).
%%%
%%%                            Unicode: three-letter difference
%%%                            telegraphic code, Prague, Czechoslovakia
%%%                            (1956, 1967).
%%%
%%%                            UNICODE automatic coding for UNIVAC
%%%                            scientific data automation system 1103A
%%%                            or 1105, Sperry Rand Corporation. Univac
%%%                            Division (1959).
%%%
%%%                            Atle Grahl-Madsen, UNICODE 72:
%%%                            Two-letter, three-letter and numerical
%%%                            country codes, Bergen, Norway (1971,
%%%                            1972).
%%%
%%%                            David L. Szekely, Unicode: ein Verfahren
%%%                            zur Optimierung der begrifflichen
%%%                            Denkleistung: eine Einfuhrung in die
%%%                            ``vereinheitlichte Wissenschaft'', Basel
%%%                            (1979).
%%%
%%%                            U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Services,
%%%                            ``Food protection unicode'' (1988).
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{ "\input bibnames.sty " #
  "\input path.sty " #
  "\hyphenation{
                Jap-an-ese
               }"
}

%=======================================================================
% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-it =      "Ian Tresman,
                    Knowledge Computing,
                    9 Ashdown Drive, Borehamwood, Herts. WD6 4LZ,
                    UK,
                    Tel: +44 181 953 7722,
                    Fax: 905 1879,
                    e-mail: \path|72240.3447@compuserve.com|"}

@String{ack-jdb = "Joseph D. Becker,
                   e-mail: \path|Joseph_D._Becker.OSBU_North@xerox.com|"}

@String{ack-nhfb =  "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    Center for Scientific Computing,
                    Department of Mathematics,
                    University of Utah,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|"}

%=======================================================================
% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-APL-QUOTE-QUAD        = "APL Quote Quad"}

@String{j-BYTE                  = "Byte Magazine"}

@String{j-COMP-LIB              = "Computers in Libraries"}

@String{j-COMP-STANDARDS-INTERFACES = "Computer Standards and Interfaces"}

@String{j-COMPUTER              = "Computer"}

@String{j-COMPUTER-PROC-CHINESE-ORIENTAL-LANG = "Computer Processing of
                                  Chinese and Oriental Languages: an
                                  international journal of the Chinese
                                  Language Computer Society"}

@String{j-CONTROL-ENG           = "Control Engineering"}

@String{j-DATAMATION            = "Datamation"}

@String{j-DBMS                  = "DBMS"}

@String{j-DDJ                   = "Dr. Dobbs Journal"}

@String{j-DEC-TECH-J            = "Digital Technical Journal"}

@String{j-EPODD                 = "Electronic
                                  Pub\-lish\-ing\emdash{}Orig\-i\-na\-tion,
                                  Dissemination, and Design"}

@String{j-IBM-SYS-J             = "IBM Systems Journal"}

@String{j-IEEE-EXPERT           = "IEEE expert: intelligent systems and their
                                  applications"}

@String{j-IEEE-MULTMEDIA        = "IEEE Multimedia"}

@String{j-INF-STAND-Q           = "Information Standards Quarterly"}

@String{j-INT-J-MOD-PHYSICS-C   = "International Journal of Modern Physics C
                                  [Physics and Computers]"}

@String{j-LAN-TIMES             = "LAN times"}

@String{j-LANGUAGE              = "Language: journal of the Linguistic Society
                                  of America"}

@String{j-LANGUAGE-INT          = "Language International"}

@String{j-MICROSOFT-SYS-J       = "Microsoft Systems Journal"}

@String{j-NATL-CONF-PUBL-INST-ENG-AUST = "National Conference Publication ---
                                  Institution of Engineers, Australia"}

@String{j-PC-MAGAZINE           = "PC Magazine"}

@String{j-PROC-IEEE-CONF-SYST-MAN-CYBERN = "Proceedings of the IEEE
                                  International Conference on Systems, Man and
                                  Cybernetics"}

@String{j-PROC-NATL-ONLINE-MEET = "Proceedings --- National Online Meeting"}

@String{j-SCI-AMER              = "Scientific American"}

@String{j-SIGPLAN               = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"}

@String{j-TUGBOAT               = "TUGboat"}

%=======================================================================
% Publishers and their addresses:

@String{pub-ASLIB               = "Aslib"}

@String{pub-ASLIB:adr           = "London, UK"}

@String{pub-AW                  = "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey"}

@String{pub-AW:adr              = "Reading, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-HWS                 = "Howard W. Sams"}

@String{pub-HWS:adr             = "Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA"}

@String{pub-IBM                 = "IBM Corporation"}

@String{pub-IBM:adr             = "San Jose, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-IEEE                = "IEEE Computer Society Press"}

@String{pub-IEEE:adr            = "1109 Spring Street, Suite 300,
                                  Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}

@String{pub-IOS                 = "IOS Press"}

@String{pub-IOS:adr             = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-MICROSOFT           = "Microsoft Press"}

@String{pub-MICROSOFT:adr       = "Bellevue, WA, USA"}

@String{pub-OMH                 = "Osborne\slash Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}

@String{pub-OMH:adr             = "Berkeley, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-ORA                 = "O'Reilly \& {Associates, Inc.}"}

@String{pub-ORA:adr             = "981 Chestnut Street, Newton, MA 02164, USA"}

@String{pub-PH                  = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall"}

@String{pub-PH:adr              = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, USA"}

@String{pub-PTRPH               = "P T R Pren{\-}tice-Hall"}

@String{pub-PTRPH:adr           = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, USA"}

@String{pub-QUE                 = "Que Corporation"}

@String{pub-QUE:adr             = "Indianapolis, IN, USA"}

@String{pub-SAUR                = "K. G. Saur"}

@String{pub-SAUR:adr            = "M{\"{u}}nchen, Germany; New
                                  Providence, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-SYBEX               = "Sybex"}

@String{pub-SYBEX:adr           = "2021 Challenger Driver, Suite 100,
                                  Alameda, CA 94501, USA"}

@String{pub-UNICODE             = "The Unicode Consortium"}

@String{pub-UNICODE-CAMBRIDGE:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-UNICODE-SAN-JOSE:adr = "P.O. Box 700519, San Jose, CA 95170-0519,
                                  USA, Phone: +1-408-777-5870, Fax:
                                  +1-408-777-5082, E-mail:
                                  \path=unicode-inc@unicode.org="}

@String{pub-UNICODE:adr         = "Mountain View, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-USENIX              = "USENIX"}

@String{pub-USENIX:adr          = "San Francisco, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "Wiley"}

@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

%=======================================================================
% Bibliography entries.

@InProceedings{Davis:1990:U,
  author =       "Mark Davis and Lee Collins",
  title =        "{Unicode}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1990:IIC",
  pages =        "499--504",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 18:36:10 1996",
  abstract =     "The results of the Unicode project, an effort to
                 improve the architecture of multilingual text handling
                 on the Macintosh, are reported. A method of encoding
                 characters on computers that allows for efficient
                 processing with a character set that covers all the
                 world languages is presented. The discussion covers the
                 fundamental design principles for Unicode, the criteria
                 for distinguishing letters, the contrasts to an
                 alternative coding scheme (ISO draft 10646), and
                 operating system requirements for effective
                 implementation.",
  affiliation =  "Apple Computer, USA",
  classification = "723",
  conference =   "1990 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man,
                 and Cybernetics",
  conferenceyear = "1990",
  journalabr =   "Proc IEEE Int Conf Syst Man Cybern",
  keywords =     "Data Processing; Character Sets; Image Processing ---
                 Image Coding; Unicode Project; Multilingual Text
                 Handling; Character Encoding; Unicode Codespace
                 Allocation",
  meetingaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Nov 4--7 1990",
  meetingdate2 = "11/04--07/90",
  publisherinfo = "IEEE Service Center",
  sponsor =      "IEEE Systems, Man, \& Cybernetics Soc",
}

@Article{Lua:1990:PMC,
  author =       "K. T. Lua",
  title =        "A proposal for multilingual computing code
                 standardization",
  journal =      j-COMP-STANDARDS-INTERFACES,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "117--124",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "CSTIEZ",
  ISSN =         "0920-5489",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 15:54:34 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Reviews the current situation of
                 multilingual standardization which includes ISO 2022,
                 DP 10646 and an alternative proposal HCC. The
                 implementation of various bilingual and multilingual
                 character code systems including UNICODE, CCDOS, Bis-5,
                 JAE, Wang and IBM codes are discussed. It is noted that
                 while it is important to have a unified code length in
                 character encoding, most existing systems use variable
                 code lengths without much difficulty. The great
                 advantage of such systems is its full compatibility
                 with the existing ASCII systems and its high code
                 efficiency. A system of dynamically re-locatable code
                 set is suggested. It is fully compatible with existing
                 ASCII and national standards (GB, JIS, KS). It has high
                 code efficiency and is expandable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Character sets; Standardisation; Multilingual
                 computing; Standardization; Bilingual; Multilingual
                 character code systems; UNICODE; CCDOS; Bis-5; JAE;
                 Wang; IBM codes; Character encoding",
}

@Book{UC:1990:U,
  author =       "{The Unicode Consortium}",
  title =        "Unicode 1.0",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "??",
  LCCN =         "??",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 01 16:52:32 1994",
  note =         "Draft standard. Final review document",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Mair:1991:CC,
  author =       "Victor H. Mair and Yongquan Liu",
  title =        "Characters and computers",
  publisher =    pub-IOS,
  address =      pub-IOS:adr,
  pages =        "v + 192",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "90-5199-061-8 (U.S.)",
  LCCN =         "PL1074.5 .C372 1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "``This volume is an outgrowth of the International
                 Symposium on East Asian Information Processing held at
                 the University of Pennsylvania(Philadelphia) on Oct.
                 20-21, 1990''--Pref. Includes bibliographical
                 references. Preface: building the future of information
                 processing in East Asia demands facing linguistic and
                 technological reality / Victor H. Mair --- Difficulties
                 in Chinese information processing and ways to their
                 solution / Yongquan Liu --- Intrinsic features of
                 Chinese language as applied in word processing on
                 computers / Zhou Youguang --- Pinyin-to-Chinese
                 character computer conversion systems and the
                 realization of digraphia in China / Yin Binyong --- A
                 synoposis of CPSG: Chinese phrase structure grammar /
                 Qian Feng --- Complex features in the description of
                 Chinese language / Zhiwei Feng --- Enhanced Hanyu
                 pinyin input accuracy with a skewed tone-indication
                 approach / Apollo Wu --- Pinyin for typesetting? /
                 Liqing Zhang --- Formatting a Chinese-English
                 dictionary on computer / John S. Rohsenow and Edward
                 Zawacki --- Chinese zero anaphora in translation: a
                 preliminary system / Keith Vander Linden, Zhihua Long,
                 and Liang Tao --- Some dynamic control methods for
                 improving quality in a phoneme-based formant synthesis
                 system / Wei Zhang and Zhigang Cao --- A computer-based
                 comprehensive analysis of medieval Chinese social and
                 economic history / Robert M. Hartwell --- Chinese text
                 input and corpus linguistics / P. M. Thompson ---
                 Minimum specifications for Japanese and Chinese
                 alphanumeric workstations / J. Marshall Unger --- Is
                 logography a better writing system / Hisao Yamada ---
                 Hangeul and computing / Won L. Chung --- Unicode: a
                 standard international character code for multilingual
                 information processing / James T. Caldwell.",
  keywords =     "Chinese language --- Data processing --- Congresses.;
                 Japanese language --- Data processing --- Congresses.;
                 Korean language --- Data processing --- Congresses.;
                 Character sets (Data processing) --- Congresses.;
                 Computers --- Semiotics; East Asia; Text and document
                 processing; Computing theory and general",
}

@Book{UC:1991:US,
  author =       "{The Unicode Consortium}",
  key =          "Uni91",
  title =        "The {Unicode} Standard: Worldwide Character Encoding.
                 Version 1.0. Volumes 1 and 2.",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-201-56788-1 (paperback, vol. 1), 0-201-60845-6
                 (paperback, vol. 2)",
  LCCN =         "QA268 .U55 1991, Z103 .U6 1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:56:37 1996",
  price =        "US\$32.95 (paperback), US\$39.95 (hardback)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not yet in my library.",
}

@Article{Vacca:1991:UBA,
  author =       "John R. Vacca",
  title =        "{Unicode} Breaks The {ASCII} Barrier",
  journal =      j-DATAMATION,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "DTMNAT",
  ISSN =         "0011-6963",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "ASCII looked great in the '60s, but it's just an ugly
                 American in the global '90s. Now Aldus, Apple, IBM,
                 Microsoft and Xerox are trying to replace ASCII with
                 Unicode --- the code of a thousand character sets.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goossens:1992:STP,
  author =       "M. Goossens and E. van Herwijnen",
  title =        "Scientific text processing",
  journal =      j-INT-J-MOD-PHYSICS-C,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "479--546",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 15 11:16:30 1995",
  note =         "Describes progress in standardization efforts,
                 including that of Unicode.",
}

@Book{Heller:1992:AWP,
  author =       "Martin Heller",
  title =        "Advanced Windows Programming",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 353",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-471-54711-5 (book), 0-471-55172-4 (book/disk set)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.W56 H45 1992",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:17:49 1995",
  price =        "US\$32.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
  xxnote =       "Does this version discuss Unicode?",
}

@Article{Kim:1992:CAD,
  author =       "Kyongsok Kim",
  title =        "Common approach to designing the Hangul code and
                 keyboard",
  journal =      j-COMP-STANDARDS-INTERFACES,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "297--325",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CSTIEZ",
  ISSN =         "0920-5489",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 15 11:12:42 1995",
  note =         "Discusses the Unicode encoding of Hangul.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kim:1992:FDS,
  author =       "Kyongsok Kim",
  title =        "A future direction in standardizing international
                 character codes --- with a special reference to
                 {ISO\slash IEC} 10646 and {Unicode}",
  journal =      j-COMP-STANDARDS-INTERFACES,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "209--221",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CSTIEZ",
  ISSN =         "0920-5489",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 18:33:12 1996",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we will review the current works to
                 standardize international character codes: ISO 10646
                 and Unicode. We will discuss some technical aspects of
                 these two codes. We will also focus on the
                 standardization process itself to see if we are going
                 in a proper direction. Hangul was sometimes used in
                 concrete examples. We need to honor an orthography to
                 set up an adequate code. The current terms and
                 frameworks are somewhat biased toward Latin scripts and
                 they need to be revised or improved. We should honor
                 opinions of people with various backgrounds and also
                 provide more easily accessible channels. Currently we
                 seem to have some inconsistencies in the international
                 character codes. To prevent such inconsistencies,
                 instead of simply collecting codes submitted by
                 countries owning the scripts, we need to set up
                 consistent rules and follow them in encoding scripts
                 with similar characteristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "North Dakota State Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Fargo, ND, USA",
  classification = "723; 731",
  journalabr =   "Comput Stand Interfaces",
  keywords =     "Codes, Symbolic; Standardization; Character
                 Recognition; Codes, Symbolic --- Fabrication; Codes,
                 Symbolic --- Encoding; Data Processing --- Character
                 Sets; Hangul (Korean Script); Unicode;
                 International/Universal Standard Character Code; ISO
                 10646; Orthography",
}

@Article{Agrusa:1993:IWN,
  author =       "R. L. Agrusa",
  title =        "Is {Windows NT} the {PC} platform for the future?",
  journal =      j-CONTROL-ENG,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "55, 57, 59",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CENGAX",
  ISSN =         "0010-8049",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:01:07 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: An operating system that runs on
                 several hardware platforms is the most likely candidate
                 to be the standard operating system of the future.
                 Windows NT provides a number of features that make it
                 the ideal operating system for MMI, SCADA, and process
                 control. The inherent reliability and robustness of a
                 protected mode operating system are rapidly becoming
                 base requirements for process control systems. The
                 ability of Windows/NT to run on a variety of hardware
                 platforms, coupled with the built-in multiprocessing
                 support, provides the potential for scalable
                 price/performance configurability that is unmatched.
                 Since Windows NT supports a number of user interfaces,
                 it has the potential to satisfy the requirements of
                 most applications. In addition, with its built-in
                 national language support and support of the new
                 international Unicode data representation standard.
                 Windows NT provides automation software vendors and
                 their customers with a global operating system into the
                 21st century.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Industrial computer control; Operating systems
                 [computers]; Technological forecasting; Windows NT;
                 Operating system; Process control; Multiprocessing
                 support; Price/performance configurability; User
                 interfaces; International Unicode data representation
                 standard",
}

@InProceedings{Anonymous:1993:DUF,
  author =       "Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes",
  title =        "The Design of a {Unicode} Font",
  crossref =     "Andre:1993:ICR",
  pages =        "289--306",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bettels:1993:UUC,
  author =       "J. Bettels and F. A. Bishop",
  title =        "{Unicode}: a universal character code",
  journal =      j-DEC-TECH-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--31",
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "DTJOEL",
  ISSN =         "0898-901X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 15:58:42 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: A universal character encoding is
                 required to produce software that can be localized for
                 any language or that can process and communicate data
                 in any language. The Unicode standard is the product of
                 a joint effort of information technology companies and
                 individual experts; its encoding has been accepted by
                 ISO as the international standard ISO/IEC 10646.
                 Unicode defines 16-bit codes for the characters of most
                 scripts used in the world's languages. Encoding for
                 some missing scripts will be added over time. The
                 Unicode standard defines a set of rules that help
                 implementors build text-processing and rendering
                 engines. For Digital, Unicode represents a strategic
                 direction in internationalization technology. Many
                 software producing companies have also announced future
                 support for Unicode.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Character sets; Codes; Encoding; Office automation;
                 Standards; Unicode; Universal character code; Encoding;
                 Information technology companies; ISO/IEC 10646; 16-Bit
                 codes; Text-processing; Rendering engines",
}

@Article{Bigelow:1993:DUF,
  author =       "Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes",
  title =        "The design of a {Unicode} font",
  journal =      j-EPODD,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "289--305",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "EPODEU",
  ISSN =         "0894-3982",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 2 10:04:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/epodd.bib",
  abstract =     "The international scope of computing, digital
                 information interchange, and electronic publishing has
                 created a need for world-wide character encoding
                 standards. Unicode is a comprehensive standard designed
                 to meet such a need. To be readable by humans,
                 character codes require fonts that provide visual
                 images\,---\,glyphs\,---\,corresponding to the codes.
                 The design of a font developed to provide a portion of
                 the Unicode standard is described and discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Unicode, International character standard, Type
                 design, Lucida",
}

@TechReport{Breen:1993:JED,
  author =       "J. W. Breen",
  title =        "A {Japanese} Electronic Dictionary Project (Part 1:
                 The Dictionary Files)",
  number =       "93-13",
  institution =  "Monash University",
  address =      "Clayton, Victoria, Australia",
  pages =        "25",
  month =        nov # " 30",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 19:54:18 1994",
  note =         "Available via anonymous ftp in
                 \path=pub/techrports/RDT/93-13.ps.Z= from
                 \path=ftp.rdt.monash.edu.au=.",
  abstract =     "Electronic multi-lingual dictionaries have seen
                 considerable development in the last decade. The
                 standardization of coding systems for the orthography
                 of many Asian languages in the same period, combined
                 with the increased availability of low-cost
                 micro-electronic storage and display systems has opened
                 up considerable demand and potential for dictionary
                 systems in these languages. This report describes an
                 on-going project to develop and maintain a
                 comprehensive electronic Japanese-English dictionary
                 capable of use within a variety of search-and-display,
                 electronic-text reading support, and machine
                 translation environments. The project files are being
                 developed in the public domain. The dictionary files
                 have, at the time of writing, attained the status of
                 being the major freely available electronic repository
                 of Japanese-English dictionary material in the world.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "dictionary lexicography Japan JIS WNN SKK kanji
                 hiragana katakana Unicode",
}

@Article{Brown:1993:EAC,
  author =       "James A. Brown and Brent Hawks and Ray Trimble",
  title =        "Extending the {APL} character set",
  journal =      j-APL-QUOTE-QUAD,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--46",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "APLQD9",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-612-3",
  ISSN =         "0163-6006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 24 09:59:26 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "APL is often presented as a notation that is
                 independent of national language because of its
                 symbolic nature. Paradoxically its unique character set
                 has led to APL being treated as if it were itself a
                 national language. This has meant, in many practical
                 situations, that the APL character set is incompatible
                 with national language character sets. IBM's APL2
                 attempted to avoid these problems by defining a set of
                 extended (31 bit) characters, and this has indeed been
                 helpful in handling Asian languages such as Kanji. But
                 the character mappings adopted have not been adequate
                 to support all European and Middle Eastern language
                 characters, nor have they been consistent across
                 platforms. With the advent of international standards
                 for character assignment, there is an opportunity to
                 create APL systems that handle the character sets of
                 the world in an efficient and elegant manner. While at
                 first the solution appears to require only a recitation
                 of code point assignments, an analysis of the problem
                 leads to interesting and disturbing questions about a
                 number of APL system functions, system variables,
                 commands, and file facilities. This paper explores
                 problems with internal conversions, external
                 representations, migration, compatibility, and
                 interplatform portability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Santa Teresa Lab",
  affiliationaddress = "San Jose, CA, USA",
  classification = "723.1.1; 902.2; 721.1",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the International Conference on APL",
  journalabr =   "APL Quote Quad",
  keywords =     "APL (programming language); Character sets; Standards;
                 Computational linguistics; APL2 programming language;
                 Unicode character set",
  meetingaddress = "Toronto, Ont, Can",
  meetingdate =  "Aug 15--19 1993",
  meetingdate2 = "08/15--19/93",
  sponsor =      "Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)",
}

@InProceedings{Carr:1993:PBC,
  author =       "Robert Carr",
  title =        "Pen-Based Computing and Its Impact",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1993:UAP",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 19:54:38 1994",
  note =         "Keynote address",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  comment =      "No paper record. Robert Carr is VP for Software for Go
                 corporation. Miniaturization leads to laptops. Add
                 wireless communication and you get personal
                 communicators. Pen-based interface is just an enabling
                 technology. Social acceptability is key, so flat
                 pen-based computer is non-obtrusive, easy to use.
                 Ergonomics make keyboards hard to use while standing.
                 Quick power on/off is important. Other characteristics:
                 frequent disconnects (store up messages going in both
                 directions, and transfer on reconnect), multiple
                 channels and devices and protocols, new applications
                 are needed (instead of word processing and
                 spreadsheets, expect calendars, forms, notetaking,
                 electronic books, communications, presentations).
                 Currently 75\% of workers don't use desktop computing,
                 many because they are mobile (eg, doctors, salespeople,
                 scientists, managers). By late '94, expect laptops of
                 this kind to be $<$ \$1000. Penpoint: notebook metaphor
                 instead of desktop. Interface through pen gestures.
                 Notes by handwriting, translate some keywords to ASCII
                 for later searching, but not all notes. Small OS code
                 size ($<$ 2MB). ROM-based OS and apps are available.
                 Must be able to scale with screen size. Email and fax
                 built into OS. Full-blown O-O OS with networking, file
                 system, display imaging, etc. The pen is not the point,
                 mobility is the point. Voice will become an important
                 addition. 4--5 lbs at \$3000 is current
                 state-of-the-art; 3--4 lbs at \$2000 soon. Support for
                 Unicode world-wide character set. International market
                 is key.",
  keywords =     "pen-based interface, mobile computing",
}

@Article{Daniels:1993:UCU,
  author =       "P. T. Daniels",
  title =        "The {Unicode Consortium}: The {Unicode} standard",
  journal =      j-LANGUAGE,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "225--225",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0097-8507",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Heller:1993:AWP,
  author =       "Martin Heller",
  title =        "Advanced Win32 programming",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 463",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-471-59245-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.A65 H45 1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:38:28 1995",
  price =        "US\$44.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
}

@InProceedings{LaBonte:1993:MOU,
  author =       "A. {La Bont{\'{e}}}",
  title =        "Multiscript ordering for {UNICODE}",
  crossref =     "SHARE:1993:PSE",
  pages =        "377--399",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:07:35 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Most people already have notions
                 about ordering problems. However, the author has
                 remarked that even experienced programmers have
                 different understandings of the different problems that
                 still plague the computer business regarding textual
                 data ordering. He presents his own view of this field,
                 some improved methods that have led to the making of a
                 Canadian standard that represents the state of the art
                 in the domain and how it could be extended to support
                 UNICODE data worldwide. He begins with background
                 notions, the first one being an inspiring caricature
                 from the young Einstein movie explaining street people
                 reactions in front of sorted lists.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Database management systems; List processing;
                 Standards; Word processing; UNICODE; Ordering problems;
                 Experienced programmers; Computer business; Textual
                 data ordering; Canadian standard; UNICODE data;
                 Background notions; Street people reactions; Sorted
                 lists",
}

@Article{Lunde:1993:HJC,
  author =       "Ken R. Lunde",
  title =        "The history of the {Japanese} character set and its
                 encoding",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER-PROC-CHINESE-ORIENTAL-LANG,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "85--94",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CPCLE6",
  ISSN =         "0715-9048",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:12:07 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: This paper provides detailed
                 information about the various stages of Japanese
                 character set development, both electronic and
                 non-electronic, and includes information on how
                 Japanese is encoded on computer systems. Conversion
                 between the various Japanese encoding methods is also
                 treated. International standards, such as ISO IS 10646
                 and Unicode are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Character sets; Encoding; Standards; Kanji;
                 Information interchange code; History; Japanese
                 character set development; Japanese encoding methods;
                 Standards; ISO IS 10646; Unicode",
}

@Book{Lunde:1993:UJI,
  author =       "Ken Lunde",
  title =        "Understanding {Japanese} Information Processing",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xxxii + 435",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-043-0",
  LCCN =         "PL524.5.L86 1993",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 5 13:27:12 1993",
  price =        "US\$29.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Murray:1993:APW,
  author =       "William H. {Murray III} and Chris H. Pappas",
  title =        "Application programming for {Windows NT}",
  publisher =    pub-OMH,
  address =      pub-OMH:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 680",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-07-881933-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.A65M88 1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:27:03 1995",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
}

@Book{Myers:1993:MWN,
  author =       "Brian Myers and Eric Hamer",
  title =        "Mastering Windows {NT} programming",
  publisher =    pub-SYBEX,
  address =      pub-SYBEX:adr,
  pages =        "xxxv + 1236",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-7821-1264-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M94 1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:33:30 1995",
  price =        "US\$44.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
}

@Article{Petzold:1993:MOA,
  author =       "Charles Petzold",
  title =        "Move Over, {ASCII}! {Unicode} Is Here",
  journal =      j-PC-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "374--??",
  day =          "26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0888-8507",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 17:12:48 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Petzold:1993:UWC,
  author =       "Charles Petzold",
  title =        "{Unicode}, Wide Characters, and {C}",
  journal =      j-PC-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "19",
  pages =        "369--??",
  day =          "9",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0888-8507",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 17:11:26 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Petzold:1993:VUT,
  author =       "Charles Petzold",
  title =        "Viewing a {Unicode TrueType} Font Under {Windows NT}",
  journal =      j-PC-MAGAZINE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "20",
  pages =        "379--??",
  day =          "23",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0888-8507",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:16:10 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Pike:1993:HWD,
  author =       "R. Pike and K. Thompson",
  title =        "Hello world (distributed {OS} text format)",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1993:UAP",
  pages =        "43--50",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:19:39 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Plan 9 from Bell Labs has been
                 converted from ASCII to an ASCII-compatible variant of
                 Unicode, a 16-bit character set. The authors explain
                 the reasons for the change, describe the character set
                 and representation chosen, and present the programming
                 models and software changes that support the new text
                 format. Although they stopped short of full
                 internationalization-for example, system error messages
                 are in Unixese, not Japanese-they believe Plan 9 is the
                 first system to treat the representation of all major
                 languages on a uniform, equal footing throughout all
                 its software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Character sets; Linguistics; Network operating
                 systems; Programming; Standards; Distributed OS text
                 format; ASCII-compatible variant; Unicode; 16-Bit
                 character set; Programming models; Software changes;
                 Plan 9; Major languages; 16 Bit",
}

@Article{Plaice:1993:LDL,
  author =       "John Plaice",
  title =        "Language-dependent ligatures",
  journal =      j-TUGBOAT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "271--274",
  month =        Oct,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 19:53:33 1994",
  note =         "Describes extensions to {\TeX} to support 16-bit
                 character set input, with a particular view to Unicode
                 support.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Revanur:1993:WCM,
  author =       "N. Revanur",
  title =        "Win {CALIS} 2.0 and multi-lingual editor",
  crossref =     "Borchardt:1993:CAS",
  pages =        "130--131",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:16:23 1994",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Descriptions are given of: the
                 advantages of Unicode, the WinCALIS 2.0 authoring
                 system and the capabilities of the Unicode-based text
                 editor, a main part of WinCALIS 2.0 product. Based on
                 current Unicode systems, four different classes of
                 language support are possible: English-only, variable
                 monolingual, restricted multilingual and unrestricted
                 multilingual. The last one is truly transparent to
                 language and provides support for all languages. The
                 goal of Unicode is to support this class of language
                 support. CALIS, a text-based computer assisted language
                 instruction system, combines the most innovative
                 concepts of computer assisted learning with the
                 soundest pedagogical principles to equip language
                 teachers with a stimulating educational tool. WinCALIS,
                 a Microsoft Windows based CALIS, takes full advantage
                 of what Windows 3.x does well: mouse input, color
                 graphics, multimedia and comprehensive online help.
                 WinCALIS 2.0, the latest and yet to be released version
                 of WinCALIS, belongs to an unrestricted multilingual
                 class of language support and hence, provides access to
                 a rich set of language and script collection. Moreover,
                 WinCALIS 2.0 being Unicode-based, inherits all the
                 advantages of Unicode.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Authoring languages; Character sets; Code standards;
                 Computer aided instruction; Linguistics; Teaching; Text
                 editing; Multi-lingual editor; WinCALIS; Authoring
                 system; Unicode-based text editor; Language support;
                 Unrestricted multilingual; Text-based computer assisted
                 language instruction system; Computer assisted
                 learning; Pedagogical principles; Language teachers;
                 Educational tool; Microsoft Windows based CALIS; Mouse
                 input; Multimedia; Comprehensive online help; Script
                 collection",
}

@Periodical{UC:1993:E,
  key =          "Encoding",
  title =        "Encoding",
  howpublished = "Quarterly",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE:adr,
  year =         "1993",
  ISSN =         "1076-1918",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 01 16:48:03 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Adams:1994:IUU,
  author =       "Glenn Adams",
  title =        "Introduction to Unicode: {Unicode\slash ISO} 10646
                 implementors' workshop 5. tutorial.",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "v + 207",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "??",
  LCCN =         "??",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 01 17:31:46 1994",
  note =         "Unicode/ISO 10646 implementors' workshop tutorial,
                 Tokyo, Japan, April 11--12, 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Character sets (Data processing); Coding theory.",
}

@InProceedings{Aliprand:1994:SMA,
  author =       "J. M. Aliprand",
  title =        "Unicode and {ISO\slash IEC} 10646: An Overview",
  crossref =     "McCallum:1994:ASA",
  pages =        "87--102",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:IAS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Increased {Asian} Support for {The Unicode Standard}",
  journal =      j-INF-STAND-Q,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ISQUEK",
  ISSN =         "1041-0031",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:12:48 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:SUI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Sixth Unicode Implementors' Workshop} Held in {Santa
                 Clara}",
  journal =      j-INF-STAND-Q,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ISQUEK",
  ISSN =         "1041-0031",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:09:05 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:UWS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{UNICODE Workshop: September 8--9}",
  journal =      j-INF-STAND-Q,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ISQUEK",
  ISSN =         "1041-0031",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:11:54 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Cain:1994:PAU,
  author =       "J. Cain",
  title =        "Practical Applications of Unicode",
  crossref =     "McCallum:1994:ASA",
  pages =        "103--114",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Camp:1994:USG,
  author =       "David Van Camp",
  title =        "{Unicode} and Software Globalization",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "46, 48--50",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm, UnCover
                 database",
  abstract =     "Writing code for international markets requires an
                 understanding of the Unicode standard. David examines
                 the standard and discusses how you go about
                 implementing Unicode support.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6130
                 (Data handling techniques)",
  keywords =     "Software maintenance; Software globalization; Computer
                 markets; Software developers; Character standards;
                 Application internationalization; Inefficient code;
                 Unicode standard; Single-byte ASCII; ANSI; Multibyte
                 ANSI",
  thesaurus =    "Character sets; Software engineering; Standards",
}

@Book{Cherlin:1994:WIU,
  author =       "Edward Cherlin",
  title =        "The Worldwide Impact of the Unicode Character Set",
  publisher =    "Character Type",
  address =      "6611 Linville Drive, Weed, CA 96094",
  pages =        "vi + 181",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 25 07:53:31 1995",
  price =        "US\$995.00",
  abstract =     "A market research report describing the Unicode
                 standard, its benefits and limitations, and products
                 using it, together with an analysis of current and
                 potential markets for such products, and market
                 projections through 1998. The author has more than 15
                 years experience in analysis and market projections for
                 a wide variety of computer hardware and software. He is
                 the author of Non-Latin Font Technologies and Markets,
                 published by BIS Strategic Decisions, Norwell MA,
                 1991.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clews:1994:IHF,
  author =       "J. Clews",
  title =        "Information handling in foreign languages and
                 scripts",
  journal =      "Journal of Document and Text Management",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  publisher =    "Taylor Graham Publishing",
  pages =        "186--200",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "JDTME",
  ISSN =         "0969-9325",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 7 09:10:04 MST 1997",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Different languages and scripts
                 impose different requirements on computer
                 systems. Although there are thousands of spoken
                 languages, there are only three basic families of
                 scripts in use worldwide. From East to West, these
                 are the ideographic scripts based on Chinese, the
                 syllabic scripts related to the Devanagari script
                 which are used in India and Southeast Asia, and the
                 Middle Eastern and European scripts which derive from
                 the Phoenician script. The Arabic script is taken as
                 a case study, as it highlights database issues that
                 affect all languages and scripts. Finally,
                 developments in character set standardisation over
                 three decades are examined, from ISO 646 (ASCII) to
                 ISO 10646 (UNICODE).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "SESAME Comput. Projects, Harrogate, UK",
  classification = "C6130D (Document processing techniques)",
  keywords =     "Phoenician script; Brahmi script; Seal script;
                 Ideographic scripts; Chinese; Syllabic scripts;
                 Devanagari script; India; Southeast Asia; Middle
                 Eastern scripts; European scripts; Arabic script;
                 Information handling; Foreign languages; Database
                 issues; Character set standardisation; ISO 646; ASCII;
                 ISO 10646; UNICODE",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Character sets; Code standards; Data handling;
                 Information retrieval systems; Standardisation",
}

@Article{Durst:1994:UPC,
  author =       "Martin J. Durst",
  title =        "{Uniprep} --- Preparing a {C\slash C++} Compiler for
                 {Unicode}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:13:46 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gillig:1994:ESP,
  author =       "James R. Gillig",
  title =        "Endian-neutral software, part 2",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "44--51",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 24 09:59:26 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "To achieve Endian portability, Endian dependencies in
                 a program need to be identified, separated and
                 isolated. Endian-neutral design goals focus on
                 separating Endian-neutral and Endian specific parts.
                 Examples and guidelines for writing source code that is
                 portable between BE and LE processors and apply to any
                 language are presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM",
  affiliationaddress = "Boca Raton, FL, USA",
  classification = "723.1; 723.1.1; 723.2",
  journalabr =   "Dr Dobb's J Software Tools Prof Program",
  keywords =     "Computer software portability; Programming theory;
                 High level languages; Codes (symbols); Data structures;
                 C (programming language); Program processors; Program
                 compilers; Program translators; Computer operating
                 systems; Endian neutral programming; Endian
                 portability; Data type; Program code; Recompilation;
                 Unicode",
}

@Misc{Goldsmith:1994:RUA,
  author =       "D. Goldsmith and M. Davis",
  title =        "{RFC 1642}: {UTF}-7 --- {A} Mail-Safe Transformation
                 Format of {Unicode}",
  pages =        "14",
  day =          "13",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 5 10:01:52 MDT 1996",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc1642.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc1642.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  stdtype =      "{E}",
}

@Misc{Goldsmith:1994:RUU,
  author =       "D. Goldsmith and M. Davis",
  title =        "{RFC 1641}: Using {Unicode} with {MIME}",
  pages =        "6",
  day =          "13",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 5 10:01:52 MDT 1996",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc1641.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc1641.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  stdtype =      "{E}",
}

@Article{Hall:1994:IWNa,
  author =       "William S. Hall",
  title =        "Internationalization in {Windows NT}, Part {I}:
                 Programming with {Unicode}",
  journal =      j-MICROSOFT-SYS-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "57--72",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "MSJOED",
  ISSN =         "0889-9932",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Internationalization, the process of separating the
                 code that handles language and locale from the main
                 body of a program, is becoming increasingly important
                 with the opening of global software markets. William S.
                 Hall explores the new facilities offered by Windows
                 NT.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hall:1994:IWNb,
  author =       "William S. Hall",
  title =        "Internationalization in {Windows NT}, Part {II}:
                 Locales, Languages, and Resources",
  journal =      j-MICROSOFT-SYS-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "55--76",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "MSJOED",
  ISSN =         "0889-9932",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  abstract =     "Part II of our internationalization series explores
                 the concept of locale, describing how locale is
                 combined with Unicode to provide substantial national
                 language features as well as new ways to store and
                 retrieve the user interface through resource files.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Hipson:1994:WEV,
  author =       "Peter D. Hipson",
  title =        "What every {Visual C++ 2} programmer should know",
  publisher =    pub-HWS,
  address =      pub-HWS:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 626",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-672-30493-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 H57 1994",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:30:48 1995",
  price =        "US\$29.99, CDN\$39.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
}

@InProceedings{Kunst:1994:UIJ,
  author =       "R. Kunst",
  title =        "A {Unicode} Implementation of {Japanese}, {Korean},
                 {Thai}, and {Chinese} in {WinCALIS} 2.0",
  crossref =     "Borchardt:1994:CAS",
  pages =        "142--??",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Liu:1994:DRU,
  author =       "Raymond Liu and John Lions",
  booktitle =    "National Conference Publication --- Institution of
                 Engineers, Australia Proceedings of the International
                 Symposium on Information Theory \& Its Applications
                 1994. Part 1 (of 2) Nov 20--24 1994",
  title =        "Data representation with {Unicode} standard in
                 presentation layer of {OSI}",
  publisher =    "University of New South Wales",
  address =      "Kensington, NSW, Australia",
  pages =        "589--592",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "NPIEDX",
  ISBN =         "",
  ISSN =         "0313-6922",
  LCCN =         "",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 18:27:44 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Internet are
                 international standards in providing frameworks for
                 data communication between computers. Modern computer
                 systems are no longer just limited to exchange the
                 numeric and alphabetic information, but also
                 transmitting graphical, digitised, Chinese and Japanese
                 information. However, most current computer systems are
                 based on 7 bit ASCII that is only representing 127
                 characters. Unicode uses 16 bit to representing all
                 written language characters in the world. It overcomes
                 the limitation of ASCII. In this paper, we use Abstract
                 Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) and Unicode in presentation
                 layer to define a common representation for complex
                 application data structures. Also, we design and
                 implement a lightweight presentation layer for
                 exchanging the complex application data structures and
                 universal characters between computers in global
                 network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of New South Wales",
  affiliationaddress = "Kensington, Aust",
  classification = "723.3; 902.2; 903; 722.3; 722.4",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the International Symposium on
                 Information Theory \& Its Applications 1994. Part 1 (of
                 2)",
  journalabr =   "Natl Conf Publ Inst Eng Aust",
  keywords =     "Data structures; Standards; Linguistics; Data
                 communication systems; Computer systems; Codes
                 (symbols); Network protocols; Computer networks; Data
                 representation; Unicode standard; Open system
                 interconnection; Internet; Presentation layer;
                 Multilingual text processing",
  meetingaddress = "Sydney, Aust",
  meetingdate =  "Nov 20--24 1994",
  meetingdate2 = "11/20--24/94",
  sponsor =      "Institution of Engineers, Australia; University of
                 Sydney; Society of Information Theory \& Its
                 Applications 1994",
}

@Article{Nestved:1994:MCC,
  author =       "Timothy D. Nestved",
  title =        "Migrating {C} code to {Unicode}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "28, 30, 32, 91--93",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:51 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm, UnCover
                 database",
  abstract =     "To compete in the global software market, application
                 software must accommodate any country's locale
                 conventions, culture, and written language. Tim
                 presents strategies and code for migrating existing C
                 source code from ANSI to Unicode, independent of any
                 operating system, compiler, or API.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "The process of migrating existing C source code from
                 ANSI to Unicode, independent of any operating system,
                 compiler, or API is described in this paper. This is
                 based on the work done on the migrating Windows NT's
                 built-in tape-backup program (NTBACKUP.EXE) for Conner
                 Software. Guidelines of the ANSI-based applications are
                 presented here.",
  classification = "723.5; 722.4; 723.1.1; 723.1; C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  keywords =     "Unicode; Character-encoding; Double-byte character
                 sets; C source code; Codes (symbols); Encoding
                 (symbols); Input output programs; Computer operating
                 systems; Computer programming languages; Algorithms;
                 Computers; Calculations; Computational complexity ;C
                 code; Unicode; National language support; Double byte
                 character sets; Code page; Header file modification;
                 Source code modification",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Character sets; Complete computer
                 programs; Program interpreters; Software portability",
  journalabr =   "Dr Dobb's J Software Tools Prof Program",
}

@Article{Noerr:1994:MCS,
  author =       "Peter Noerr",
  title =        "Multiple character sets for libraries and information
                 services",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ONLINE-MEET,
  pages =        "345--348",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PNOMDR",
  ISBN =         "0-938734-84-9",
  ISSN =         "0739-1471",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 24 09:59:26 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Libraries have been able to provide support for one
                 non-Roman character set plus English for some time.
                 However, as libraries throughout the world become
                 automated, it is increasingly important to offer
                 support for multiple languages and multiple character
                 sets. This paper discusses a number of the problems
                 raised through developing a multi-character sets
                 library system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IME Ltd",
  classification = "723.2; 903.4; 903.4.1; 903.3",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the 15th National Online Meeting",
  conferenceyear = "1994",
  journalabr =   "Proc Natl Online Meet",
  keywords =     "Character sets; Information services; Libraries;
                 Encoding (symbols); Codes (symbols); Information
                 retrieval systems; Data processing; Character
                 recognition; Multiple character sets; NonRoman
                 characters; UNICODE",
  meetingaddress = "New York, NY, USA",
  meetingdate =  "May 10--12 1994",
  meetingdate2 = "05/10--12/94",
  sponsor =      "Learned Information, Inc.",
}

@Book{ODonnell:1994:PW,
  author =       "Sandra Martin O'Donnell",
  title =        "Programming for the World",
  publisher =    pub-PTRPH,
  address =      pub-PTRPH:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 440",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-13-722190-8",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.6 O37 1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:25:51 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Plaice:1994:POP,
  author =       "John Plaice",
  title =        "Progress in the {Omega} Project",
  journal =      j-TUGBOAT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "320--324",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:31:29 1994",
  note =         "Omega is an extension of {\TeX} for 16-bit character
                 sets.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Richter:1994:AWN,
  author =       "Jeffrey Richter",
  title =        "Advanced {Windows NT}: the developer's guide to the
                 {Win32} application programming interface",
  publisher =    pub-MICROSOFT,
  address =      pub-MICROSOFT:adr,
  pages =        "xxxii + 700",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "1-55615-567-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63R545 1994",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:20:15 1995",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
  xxnote =       "Does this version discuss Unicode?",
}

@Book{Tresman:1994:MPC,
  author =       "Ian Tresman",
  title =        "The multilingual {PC} directory: a guide to
                 multilingual and foreign language products for {IBM
                 PCs} and compatibles",
  publisher =    "Knowledge Computing",
  address =      "9 Ashdown Drive, Borehamwood, Herts WD6 4LZ, UK",
  pages =        "256",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "1-873091-02-8, 0-87309-103-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.I2594 T735 1994",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 17:02:21 1995",
  price =        "UK\pounds 35.00",
  URL =          "http://www.knowledge.co.uk/xxx/",
  acknowledgement = ack-it,
}

@Manual{UI:1994:UV,
  title =        "Unicode Version 1.1",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "4",
  organization = pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE-SAN-JOSE:adr,
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 01 17:14:01 1994",
  price =        "US\$10.00",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:LAL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{LAN} Answers --- Lending a hand with {Unicode},
                 {MIGRATE}, {Ethernet-II}, and Directory Entries",
  journal =      j-LAN-TIMES,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "25",
  pages =        "128--??",
  year =         "1995",
  ISSN =         "1040-5917",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Houlette:1995:IGW,
  author =       "Forrest Houlette and others",
  title =        "Insider's guide to {Windows 95} programming",
  publisher =    pub-QUE,
  address =      pub-QUE:adr,
  pages =        "678",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-56529-679-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 I566 1995",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:35:45 1995",
  price =        "US\$34.99, CDN\$46.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
}

@InProceedings{Kwan:1995:UT,
  author =       "P. Kwan",
  title =        "{UNICODE}: implications for the translator",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1995:PTC",
  pages =        "8/1--15",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 7 09:10:04 MST 1997",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: This paper outlines the current
                 status of the various data encoding schemes that at
                 present dominate the marketplace, with a brief look
                 at how these schemes have evolved. Thereafter the
                 paper explores the rationale for a new encoding
                 scheme that addresses the needs of the modern
                 worldwide marketplace, and discusses why this is
                 important for the translation profession.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C7820 (Humanities
                 computing)",
  keywords =     "UNICODE; Data encoding schemes; Marketplace; Language
                 translation; Machine translation; Character sets",
  thesaurus =    "Character sets; Codes; Language translation",
}

@Article{Kwan:1995:UUC,
  author =       "Peter Kwan",
  title =        "{Unicode}: a universal character set",
  journal =      j-LANGUAGE-INT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--??",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LAINE2",
  ISSN =         "0923-182X",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:07:17 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McClure:1995:CGA,
  author =       "Wanda McClure and Stan Hannah",
  title =        "Communicating Globally: The Advent of {Unicode}",
  journal =      j-COMP-LIB,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "19--??",
  day =          "01",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "CPLIE8",
  ISSN =         "1041-7915",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 17 10:06:09 1996",
  abstract =     "As a computer standard for encoding textual data on a
                 global scale, ASCII is being eased out by Unicode. The
                 authors explain what Unicode is, why it's coming, and
                 what it means for librarians.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Richter:1995:AWD,
  author =       "Jeffrey Richter",
  title =        "Advanced {Windows}: the developer's guide to the
                 {Win32} {API} for {Windows NT 3.5} and {Windows 95}",
  publisher =    pub-MICROSOFT,
  address =      pub-MICROSOFT:adr,
  pages =        "xxxiv + 930",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "1-55615-677-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.W56 R52 1995",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 05 13:40:41 1995",
  acknowledgement = ack-jdb,
}

@Book{Unicode:1995:USW,
  author =       "{Unicode Staff}",
  title =        "Unicode Standard; Worldwide Character Encoding,
                 Version 1.1",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "0-201-48345-9",
  LCCN =         "QA268.U56 1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  price =        "US\$59.25",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Davis:1996:CGS,
  author =       "M. E. Davis and J. D. Grimes and D. J. Knoles",
  title =        "Creating global software: text handling and
                 localization in {Taligent}'s {CommonPoint} application
                 system",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "227--243",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 7 09:08:10 MST 1997",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Developing software that can be
                 used across global enterprises is one of the many
                 challenges of today's information technology
                 systems. Taligent's CommonPoint application system
                 eases this problem by providing a foundation for
                 fully global software, based on object-oriented
                 frameworks and the Unicode character encoding
                 standard. This paper describes Taligent's Unicode
                 implementation and the CommonPoint text and
                 international frameworks. It discusses how the
                 CommonPoint system can be used to build international
                 software and some of the advantages of
                 object-oriented technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Taligent Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA",
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C6110B (Software
                 engineering techniques); C6110J (Object-oriented
                 programming); C6130D (Document processing techniques)",
  keywords =     "Global software; Text handling; Localization services;
                 Taligent CommonPoint application system; Global
                 enterprises; Information technology systems;
                 Object-oriented frameworks; Unicode character encoding
                 standard; International framework; International
                 software creation",
  thesaurus =    "Application generators; Character sets; Code
                 standards; Computer aided software engineering;
                 Document handling; Object-oriented methods",
}

@Article{Do:1996:VIT,
  author =       "James Do and Phan Dinh Dieu and Seymour E. Goodman",
  title =        "{Vietnam}: Information Technology for the Transition",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "88--94",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 07:35:46 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Mentor Graphics",
  affiliationaddress = "San Jose, CA, USA",
  classification = "723.5; 901.4; 903",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "Computer software; Computers; Developing countries;
                 Economic and social effects; Information technology;
                 International trade; Personnel; Software localization;
                 Vietnam",
  note =         "Mentions ISO/IEC 10646 and the Unicode support for
                 Vietnamese.",
}

@Article{Fennessy:1996:PBM,
  author =       "Quentin Fennessy",
  title =        "{Plan 9}: Bad Movie, Good Operating System",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "117--119, 121--123",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 27 15:07:07 1996",
  note =         "Mentions Plan 9's support for Unicode.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gerovac:1996:SHQ,
  author =       "Branko J. Gerovac and David C. Carver",
  title =        "Standardizing Headers in the Quest for
                 Interoperability",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MULTMEDIA,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "84--88",
  month =        "Spring",
  note =         "Comments of the use of Unicode for multimedia data
                 storage.",
  year =         "1996",
  ISSN =         "1070-986X",
  CODEN =        "IEMUE4",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 04 09:45:45 1997",
}

@Article{Gray:1996:EDM,
  author =       "Jim Gray",
  title =        "Evolution of Data Management",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "38--46",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 29 09:14:34 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Microsoft Research",
  affiliationaddress = "CA, USA",
  classification = "723.2; 723.3; 723.5; 903; 903.2; 903.3",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "Automated information processing; Batch transaction
                 processing; Computer networks; Computer programming
                 languages; Cyberspace; Data management; Data
                 processing; Data structures; Distributed database
                 systems; History; Information management; Information
                 retrieval systems; Information technology; Internet;
                 Intranets; Multimedia database; Object oriented
                 programming; Online searching; Relational database
                 systems; Supervisory personnel",
  note =         "Laments lack of Unicode support in SQL for databases.",
}

@Article{Hamilton:1996:JSN,
  author =       "Marc A. Hamilton",
  title =        "{Java} and the Shift to Net-Centric Computing",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "31--39",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 07:40:15 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; UnCover library database",
  abstract =     "Java, with its write once, run anywhere model, changes
                 the basic techniques by which software is designed,
                 developed, and deployed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sun Microsystems",
  affiliationaddress = "El Segundo, CA, USA",
  classification = "722.1; 722.3; 723; 723.1; 723.1.1; 723.2; 723.3;
                 723.5; C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6120
                 (File organisation); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C7210 (Information services and centres)",
  corpsource =   "Sun Microsyst., El Segundo, CA, USA",
  countrypub =   "USA",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "application program interfaces; application
                 programming; C; C (programming language); C++; computer
                 aided software; Computer architecture; Computer
                 hardware; Computer networks; Computer operating
                 systems; Computer programming languages; Computer
                 simulation; Computer software; Computer software
                 portability; Distributed database systems; Dynamic
                 linking; engineering; environments; garbage collection;
                 interfaces; Internet; Internet, Object oriented
                 programming; interpreted language; Java; Java
                 programming language; language; management; Memory
                 management; Middleware; Middleware, Computer
                 programming languages; multithreading; Multithreading;
                 Net centric computing; net-centric computing; Network
                 centric computing; Numeric data types; Object oriented
                 programming; object-; object-oriented languages;
                 object-oriented programming; oriented programming;
                 program compiler; Program compilers; program debugging;
                 Program interpreters; program testing; programming
                 environments; Security of data; software development;
                 Software engineering; software-development life cycle;
                 storage; Storage allocation (computer); Virtual
                 machines; Web browser; Web browsers; World Wide Web",
  note =         "Mentions Java's use of Unicode characters.",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{North:1996:UOS,
  author =       "K. North",
  title =        "Understanding {ODBC} 3.0 standards and {OLE} {DB}",
  journal =      j-DBMS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  publisher =    "Miller Freeman",
  pages =        "S15--18",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "DBMSEO",
  ISSN =         "1041-5173",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 7 09:10:04 MST 1997",
  abstract =     "{\em From INSPEC\/}: Open database connectivity
                 (ODBC) is a call-level interface (CLI) for
                 programming SQL applications. It has become the de
                 facto standard SQL programming interface. Version 3.0
                 is a major upgrade that aligns ODBC with the de jure
                 standard, the ANSI/ISO SQL-92 CLI. Microsoft used a
                 specification from the SQL Access Group (SAG) as a
                 baseline for creating a Windows database API. Version
                 3.0 adds 300 pages to the ODBC Programmer`s
                 Reference, which confirms that this release
                 represents a major increase in functionality. ODBC
                 3.0 adds support for Unicode; better facilities for
                 describing data, handling errors, and uninstalling
                 components; and better handling of large binary and
                 text objects. It also adds batch enhancements, SQL-92
                 enhancements, and approximately 20 new function
                 calls. SQLGetInfo, the ODBC function that returns
                 information about available DBMS or driver features,
                 returns information about approximately 40 new
                 items. ODBC 3.0 expands the number of data types
                 available to ODBC applications, and Microsoft has
                 added SQL-92 scalar functions, including EXTRACT and
                 CURTIMESTAMP, which were not previously
                 supported. ODBC 3.0 changes the datetime type and
                 adds types for Unicode, intervals, and large
                 objects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6160B (Distributed databases); C6150E (General
                 utility programs); C6150N (Distributed systems
                 software); C6140D (High level languages)",
  keywords =     "ODBC 3.0 standards; OLE DB; Open database
                 connectivity; Call-level interface; SQL applications;
                 SQL programming interface; ANSI/ISO SQL-92 CLI;
                 Microsoft; Windows database API; Unicode; Handling
                 errors; Uninstalling components; SQL-92 enhancements;
                 Batch enhancements; Function calls; Scalar functions;
                 Data types; Datetime type; Large objects",
  thesaurus =    "Application program interfaces; Database languages;
                 Distributed databases; Open systems; Software
                 standards; SQL",
}

@Article{Spring:1996:SRM,
  author =       "Michael B. Spring",
  title =        "Standards: Reference model for data interchange
                 standards",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "87--88",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 07:40:15 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Pittsburgh",
  affiliationaddress = "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "722.3; 902.2",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "Data communication systems; Data interchange
                 standards; Metastandards; Reference models;
                 Standardization; Standards; Wide area networks",
  note =         "Discusses cost of conversion from ASCII to
                 Unicode.",
}

@Article{Steele:1996:TCF,
  author =       "Guy L. {Steele, Jr.}",
  title =        "Trends \& Controversies: The Future of {Lisp}: The
                 {Java} programming language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-EXPERT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--16",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IEEXE7",
  ISSN =         "0885-9000",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 14 12:28:34 1997",
  note =         "Mentions Unicode support in Java.",
}

@Book{Unicode:1996:USV,
  author =       "{The Unicode Consortium}",
  title =        "The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-201-48345-9",
  LCCN =         "QA268.U56 1996",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 25 12:17:05 1996",
  pages =        "various",
  price =        "US\$54.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Do:1997:LEU,
  author =       "James Do and Muhammed Mudawwar",
  title =        "Letters to the Editor: {Unicode} Misunderstood",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "6, 9",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  note =         "Response and rebuttal to \cite{Mudawwar:1997:MTM}.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 04 08:59:03 1997",
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick:1997:PBS,
  author =       "Michael E. Fitzpatrick and Laurence Vanhelsuw{\'e}",
  title =        "Programmer's Bookshelf: The Software Project and
                 Unicode",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "125, 127",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 28 10:53:54 1997",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fowles:1997:GSU,
  author =       "Ken Fowles",
  title =        "Globalization Software: {Unicode} Evolves: Worried
                 about localization problems? Content-enabled
                 software, through {Unicode}, may be what really
                 matters",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "105, 106, 108, 110",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 24 11:04:20 1997",
}

@Misc{Goldsmith:1997:RMS,
  author =       "D. Goldsmith and M. Davis",
  title =        "{RFC 2152}: {A} Mail-Safe Transformation Format of
                 {Unicode}",
  pages =        "12",
  day =          "3",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 4 10:19:39 MDT 1997",
  note =         "Obsoletes RFC1642 \cite{Goldsmith:1994:RUA}.",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc1642.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc2152.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc1642.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc2152.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  obsoletes =    "Obsoletes RFC1642 \cite{Goldsmith:1994:RUA}.",
  stdtype =      "{I}",
}

@Article{Irvine:1997:LEL,
  author =       "Aaron Irvine and Ken Fowles",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor: Latin-X",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "16--16",
  month =        jul,
  note =         "Comments and response on ISO 8859 Roman code pages,
                 and Unicode.",
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 27 08:33:30 1997",
}

@Article{Mudawwar:1997:MTM,
  author =       "Muhammed F. Mudawwar",
  title =        "{Multicode}: {A} Truly Multilingual Approach to Text
                 Encoding: {Unicode} was designed to extend {ASCII} for
                 encoding text in different languages, but it still have
                 several important drawbacks. Multicode overcomes those
                 drawbacks.",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 9 17:30:55 MDT 1997",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  note =         "See also response and rebuttal \cite{Do:1997:LEU}.",
  classification = "B6120B (Codes); C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., American Univ., Cairo, Egypt",
  keywords =     "ASCII; character sets; code conversion; code
                 standards; computer industry acceptance; DP industry;
                 future; Multicode; multilingual approach; programming
                 ease; reserved character set; text encoding; Unicode
                 file representation; unified fonts; variable length
                 codes",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Article{Preston:1997:GSG,
  author =       "Holly Hubbard Preston and Udo Flohr",
  title =        "Globalizing Software: Global from Day One",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "97, 98, 100, 102, 104",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280",
  note =         "Discusses Unicode.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 24 11:02:14 1997",
}

@Article{Oudet:1997:MI,
  author =       "Bruno Oudet",
  title =        "Multilingualism on the {Internet}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "276",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77--78",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 17 07:46:21 1997",
  note =         "Discusses the problems of multilingualism, with
                 brief mention of ISO10646 and Unicode character sets,
                 and of automated language translation systems in
                 current use.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Yergeau:1996:RUT,
  author =       "F. Yergeau",
  title =        "{RFC 2044}: {UTF-8}, a transformation format of
                 {Unicode} and {ISO 10646}",
  pages =        "6",
  day =          "30",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 11:05:07 MST 1996",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc2044.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc2044.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  stdtype =      "{I}",
}

@Misc{Yergeau:1997:RIH,
  author =       "F. Yergeau and G. Nicol and G. Adams and M. Duerst",
  title =        "{RFC 2070}: Internationalization of the Hypertext
                 Markup Language",
  pages =        "43",
  day =          "6",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 7 08:06:30 MST 1997",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.internic.net/rfc/rfc2070.txt,
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/rfc/rfc2070.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  note =         "This Internet Request-for-Comment document describes
                 an extension of the HTML 2.0 DTD to support the
                 Unicode character set.",
  stdtype =      "{PS}",
}

%=======================================================================
% Cross-reference entries must be last:

@Proceedings{IEEE:1990:IIC,
  key =          "IICSMC'90",
  booktitle =    "1990 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man,
                 and Cybernetics: conference proceedings, November
                 4--7, 1990, Sheraton Universal Hotel, Los Angeles,
                 CA, USA",
  title =        "1990 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man,
                 and Cybernetics: conference proceedings, November
                 4--7, 1990, Sheraton Universal Hotel, Los Angeles,
                 CA, USA",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "929",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "PICYE3",
  ISBN =         "0-87942-597-0",
  ISSN =         "0884-3627",
  LCCN =         "TA 168 I19 1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 22 05:38:34 1996",
  note =         "IEEE Catalog No. 90CH2930-6.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{UI:1992:UIW,
  key =          "UIWP '94",
  title =        "Unicode Implementor's Workshop Proceedings (2nd:
                 Merrimack, {NH})",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "??",
  LCCN =         "??",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:59:18 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "``This document contains the proceedings of the second
                 Unicode Implementor's Workshop which was held on March
                 12th and 13th, 1992. It includes copies of papers and
                 transparencies presented at that workshop.'' Photocopy.
                 29 cm.",
  keywords =     "Coding theory --- Congresses.; Character sets (Data
                 processing) --- Congresses.",
}

@Proceedings{Borchardt:1993:CAS,
  editor =       "F. L. Borchardt and E. M. T. Johnson",
  title =        "{CALICO} '93 Annual Symposium. Computer Assisted
                 Learning and Instruction Consortium 1993 Annual
                 Symposium on `Assessment' ({Williamsburg}, {VA}, {USA},
                 8--13 {March} 1993)",
  publisher =    "Duke University",
  address =      "Durham, NC, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 173",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:14:30 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{SHARE:1993:PSE,
  key =          "SHARE Europe '93",
  title =        "Proceedings {SHARE Europe} Spring Meeting. Distributed
                 Applications ({Hamburg, Germany, 19--22 April 1993})",
  publisher =    "SHARE Europe",
  address =      "Carouge\slash Geneva, Switzerland",
  pages =        "970",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 24 16:06:34 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:1993:UAP,
  key =          "USENIX Winter '93",
  title =        "Proceedings of the Winter 1993 {USENIX} Conference,
                 {January} 25--29, 1993, {San Diego}, {California},
                 {USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "x + 530",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-48-0",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.76 O63 U84 1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 17 10:46:10 1994",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Andre:1993:ICR,
  editor =       "J. Andr{\'{e}} and J. Gonczarowski and R. Southall",
  booktitle =    "3rd International conference on raster imaging and
                 digital typography --- 1994 April: Darmstadt, Germany",
  title =        "The Design of a Unicode Font",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "289--306",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-471-94823-3",
  ISSN =         "0894-3982",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  source =       "RIDT '94",
}

@Proceedings{Borchardt:1994:CAS,
  editor =       "F. L. Borchardt and E. M. T. Johnson",
  booktitle =    "CALICO '94: Annual symposium entitled ``Human
                 factors'' --- March 1994, Flagstaff, AZ",
  title =        "{CALICO} '94: Annual symposium entitled ``Human
                 factors'' --- March 1994, Flagstaff, {AZ}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "142--??",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  sponsor =      "Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium.",
}

@Proceedings{McCallum:1994:ASA,
  editor =       "Sally McCallum and Monica Ertel",
  booktitle =    "Automated systems for access to multilingual and
                 multiscript library materials: proceedings of the
                 Second IFLA Satellite Meeting, Madrid, August 18--19,
                 1993",
  title =        "Automated systems for access to multilingual and
                 multiscript library materials: proceedings of the
                 Second {IFLA} Satellite Meeting, Madrid, August 18--19,
                 1993",
  volume =       "70",
  publisher =    pub-SAUR,
  address =      pub-SAUR:adr,
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "3-598-21797-8",
  ISSN =         "0344-6891",
  LCCN =         "Z699.5.F67 A872 1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  series =       "IFLA publications",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  conference =   "2nd Satellite meeting --- 1993 Aug: Madrid",
  source =       "Automated systems for access to multilingual and
                 multiscript library materials",
  sponsor =      "IFLA; Section on Information Technology. IFLA; Section
                 on Library Services to Multicultural Populations. IFLA;
                 Section on Cataloguing.",
}

@Proceedings{UC:1994:PUIa,
  editor =       "{Unicode Consortium}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Unicode Implementors Workshop 5,
                 Tokyo, Japan, April 11 and 12, 1994",
  title =        "Proceedings of the Unicode Implementors Workshop 5,
                 Tokyo, Japan, April 11 and 12, 1994",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE-SAN-JOSE:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes bibliographical references.",
  keywords =     "Coding theory --- Congresses.; Character sets (Data
                 processing) --- Congresses.",
}

@Proceedings{UC:1994:PUIb,
  editor =       "{Unicode Consortium}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Unicode Implementors Workshop 6,
                 Santa Clara, California, September 8--9, 1994",
  title =        "Proceedings of the Unicode Implementors Workshop 6,
                 Santa Clara, California, September 8--9, 1994",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE-SAN-JOSE:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes bibliographical references.",
  keywords =     "Coding theory --- Congresses.; Character sets (Data
                 processing) --- Congresses.",
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:1995:PTC,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of Translating and The Computer 17
                 Conference",
  title =        "Proceedings of Translating and The Computer 17
                 Conference",
  publisher =    pub-ASLIB,
  address =      pub-ASLIB:adr,
  pages =        "113",
  month =        "",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "0-85142-351-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 7 09:10:04 MST 1997",
  abstract =     "The following topics were dealt with: computerised
                 language translation; 'near human quality' machine
                 translation; benefits of Internet for language
                 translation; UNICODE; METAL Russian-German prototype;
                 and machine translation training issues.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C7820 (Humanities computing); C7210 (Information
                 services and centres); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques); C4210L (Formal languages and computational
                 linguistics); C0220 (Computing education and
                 training)",
  confdate =     "9--10 Nov. 1995",
  conflocation = "London, UK",
  keywords =     "Computerised language translation; Near human quality;
                 Internet; UNICODE; METAL Russian-German prototype;
                 Machine translation training issues",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Codes; Computer science education; Internet; Language
                 translation; Linguistics; Natural languages",
}

@Proceedings{UC:1995:SIU,
  editor =       "{Unicode Consortium}",
  booktitle =    "Seventh International Unicode Conference, San Jose,
                 California, September 14--15, 1995: proceedings",
  title =        "Seventh International Unicode Conference, San Jose,
                 California, September 14--15, 1995: proceedings",
  publisher =    pub-UNICODE,
  address =      pub-UNICODE-SAN-JOSE:adr,
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 11:28:51 MST 1996",
  note =         "Two volumes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes bibliographical references.",
  keywords =     "Coding theory --- Congresses.; Character sets (Data
                 processing) --- Congresses.",
}