\font \tass          = mtbsy10
\font \tast          = mtbsy10 at 14pt
\font \tasss         = mtbsy10 at 8pt
\font \tafonts       = mtbx10
\font \tafontt       = mtbx10 at 14pt
\font \sixbf         = mtbx10 at 6pt
\font \tafontss      = mtbx10 at 7pt
\font \eightbf       = mtbx10 at 8pt
\font \tasys         = mtex10 at 12pt
\font \tasyt         = mtex10 at 14pt
\font \sixi          = mtmi10 at 6pt
\font \eighti        = mtmi10 at 8pt
\font \tamss         = mtmib10
\font \tams          = mtmib10 at 12pt
\font \tamt          = mtmib10 at 14pt
\font \kleinhalbcurs = mtmib10 at 8pt
\font \tinyhalbcurs  = mtmib10 at 6pt
\font \sixrm         = mtr10 at 6pt
\font \eightrm       = mtr10 at 8pt
\font \eightsl       = mtsl10 at 8pt
\font \sixsy         = mtsy10 at 6pt
\font \eightsy       = mtsy10 at 8pt
\font \eightit       = mtti10 at 8pt
\font \eighttt       = mttt10 at 8pt
%-----------------------------------------------------------
% Kodierungen zur automatischen Erstellung des Layouts:
\hsize=12.2truecm
\vsize=43truecc
\normalbaselineskip=12pt
\normallineskip=1pt
\normallineskiplimit=0pt
\normalbaselines
% Gestaltungshilfen
\hfuzz=2pt
\tolerance=500
% Freistellung der Formeln nicht so "luftig"
\abovedisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
\belowdisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt
\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt
\clubpenalty=20000
\widowpenalty=20000
\predisplaypenalty=0
\parindent=1.5em
\def\typeset{\bigskip\noindent This article was processed by the author
\hfill\break using the Springer-Verlag \TeX\
Theaar macro package 1988.}
\outer\def\bye{\vskip14pt\bgroup\petit\noindent Received
\ignorespaces\the\RECDATE\unskip; accepted \ignorespaces
\the\ACCDATE\vskip21pt\typeset\bigskip\egroup
\sterne=1\ifx\speciali\undefined\else
\loop\smallskip\noindent special character No\number\sterne:
\csname special\romannumeral\sterne\endcsname
\advance\sterne by 1\global\sterne=\sterne
\ifnum\sterne<11\repeat\fi
\vfill\supereject\end}
%-------------------------------------------------------
\newcount\eqnum\eqnum=0% Register fuer die automatische Numerierung der Formeln
\def\autnum{\global\advance\eqnum by 1{\rm(\the\eqnum)}}
%-------------------------------------------------------
% Paginierung und "running head"
\nopagenumbers
\def\TheAARLogo{{\rm\setbox254=\hbox{ ASTROPHYSICS }%
\vbox{\hrule\hbox to\wd254{\vrule\vbox{\kern3pt
\hbox to\wd254{\hfil THE\hfil}\hbox to\wd254{\hfil ASTRONOMY\hfil}
\hbox to\wd254{\hfil AND\hfil}\copy254\hbox to\wd254{\hfil REVIEW\hfil}
\hbox to\wd254{\hfil\number\day.\number\month.\number\year\hfil}
\kern3pt}\vrule}\hrule}}}
\def\paglay{\headline={\tenrm\ifnum\pageno=1
\baselineskip=12pt
\lineskip=1pt
\vbox{\hrule\line{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt
\hbox{\bf TheAAReview Manuskript-Nr.}
\hbox{(will be inserted by hand later)}
\kern3pt\hrule\kern3pt
\hbox{\bf Your thesaurus codes are:}
\hbox{\rightskip=0pt plus3em\advance\hsize by-7pt
\vbox{\noindent\ignorespaces\the\THESAURUS}}
\kern3pt}\hfil\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}%
\rlap{\quad\TheAARLogo}\else\petit
\ifodd\pageno\rightheadline\hfil\folio
\else\folio\hfil\leftheadline\fi\fi}}
\ifx\undefined\instruct
\headline={\tenrm\ifnum\pageno=1
\hfil\rlap{\quad\TheAARLogo}\else\ifodd\pageno\hfil\folio
\else\folio\hfil\fi\fi}\fi
% Definition der versal griechischen Buchstaben
%===============================================================================
  \mathchardef\Gamma="0100
  \mathchardef\Delta="0101
  \mathchardef\Theta="0102
  \mathchardef\Lambda="0103
  \mathchardef\Xi="0104
  \mathchardef\Pi="0105
  \mathchardef\Sigma="0106
  \mathchardef\Upsilon="0107
  \mathchardef\Phi="0108
  \mathchardef\Psi="0109
  \mathchardef\Omega="010A
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\la{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}}}
\def\ga{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\utw{\smash{\rlap{\lower5pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}}
\def\udtw{\smash{\rlap{\lower6pt\hbox{$\approx$}}}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
\def\cor{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\widehat=$}}{\hbox{$\widehat=$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\hat=$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\hat=$}}}}
\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}<\cr}}}}}
\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr=\cr}}}}}
\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr=\cr}}}}}
\def\sol{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}}}
\def\sog{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}}}
\def\lse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\simeq\cr}}}}}
\def\gse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\simeq\cr}}}}}
\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}<\cr}}}}}
\def\leogr{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}>\cr}}}}}
\def\loa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\approx\cr}}}}}
\def\goa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\approx\cr}}}}}
\def\diameter{{\ifmmode\mathchoice
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\displaystyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\displaystyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\textstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\textstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
\else{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}%
\fi}}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Macros fuer andere Schriften
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\def\vec#1{{\textfont1=\tamss\scriptfont1=\kleinhalbcurs
\scriptscriptfont1=\tinyhalbcurs
\textfont0=\tenbf\scriptfont0=\sevenbf
\scriptscriptfont0=\sixbf
\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle#1$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
% petit-fonts
\skewchar\eighti='177 \skewchar\sixi='177
\skewchar\eightsy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60
\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1
%-------------------------------------------------------
\def\petit{\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}% petit-Schrift
\textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
\textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
\textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
\def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}%
\textfont\itfam=\eightit
\def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl}%
\textfont\slfam=\eightsl
\def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}%
\textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}%
\textfont\ttfam=\eighttt
\let\tamss=\kleinhalbcurs
\let\tenbf=\eightbf
\let\sevenbf=\sixbf
\normalbaselineskip=9pt
\if Y\REFEREE \normalbaselineskip=2\normalbaselineskip
\normallineskip=2\normallineskip\normalbaselines\fi
\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt depth2pt width0pt}%
\normalbaselines\rm}%
\def\begpet{\vskip6pt\bgroup\petit}%  Beginn eine Paragraphen in petit
\def\endpet{\vskip6pt\egroup}%  Ende eine Paragraphen in petit
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Abbildungen
\def\rahmen#1{\vbox{\hrule\line{\vrule\vbox to#1true
cm{\vfil}\hfil\vrule}\hrule}}
\def\begfig#1cm#2\endfig{\par
\ifvoid\topins\midinsert\vbox{\rahmen{#1}#2}\endinsert
\else\topinsert\vbox{\rahmen{#1}#2}\endinsert\fi}
%___________________________________________________________________
% Abbildungslegenden
% Falls Text kleiner als einer volle Zeile, zentriert.
\def\figure#1#2{\bigskip\setbox0=\vbox{\noindent\petit{\bf Fig.\ts#1.\
}\ignorespaces #2\smallskip
\count255=0\global\advance\count255by\prevgraf}%
\ifnum\count255>1\box0\else
\centerline{\petit{\bf Fig.\ts#1.\ }\ignorespaces#2}\smallskip\fi}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
% Tabellenkoepfe
\def\tabcap#1#2{\smallskip\noindent\bgroup\petit{\bf Table\ts#1.\
}\ignorespaces #2\smallskip\egroup}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\def\begtab#1cm#2\endtab{\par
\ifvoid\topins\midinsert\vbox{#2\rahmen{#1}}\endinsert
\else\topinsert\vbox{#2\rahmen{#1}}\endinsert\fi}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
% Referenzen
\def\begref{\vskip1truecm\bgroup\let\INS=N}
\def\ref{\goodbreak\if N\INS\let\INS=Y\vbox{\noindent\tenbf
References\vskip1truecm}\petit\fi\hangindent\parindent
\hangafter=1\noindent\ignorespaces}
\def\endref{\goodbreak\endpet}% Ende der Referenzen
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Acknowledgement
\long\def\ack#1{\vskip11pt\begpet\noindent{\it Acknowledgements\/}.
\ignorespaces#1\endpet}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Appendices
\def\app#1{\goodbreak\vskip25pt\noindent{\bf Appendix
#1}\vskip4.4pt\nobreak\noindent
\ignorespaces}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Ueberschriften 1.Ordnung ohne automatische Numerierung.
%------------------------------------------------------
\def\aTa{\bgroup
    \par
\textfont0=\tafontt \scriptfont0=\tafonts \scriptscriptfont0=\tafontss
\textfont1=\tamt \scriptfont1=\tams \scriptscriptfont1=\tamss
\textfont2=\tast \scriptfont2=\tass \scriptscriptfont2=\tasss
\textfont3=\tasyt \scriptfont3=\tasys \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
    \baselineskip=18pt
    \lineskip=18pt
    \tafontt
    \rightskip=0pt plus6em\spaceskip=.3333em \xspaceskip=.5em
    \pretolerance=10000
    \noindent}
% --------------------------------------------------------------
% Ende Ueberschrift
%
\def\eTa{\vskip12pt
    \egroup
    \noindent
    \ignorespaces}
%===============================================================================
% Ueberschriften 2.Ordnung ohne automatische Numerierung.
%===============================================================================
% Beginn Ueberschrift 2. Ordnung
%
\def\aTb{\bgroup
     \textfont1=\tamss\scriptfont1=\kleinhalbcurs
     \scriptscriptfont1=\tinyhalbcurs
     \bf
     \raggedright
     \pretolerance=10000
     \noindent}
 % ---------------------------------------------------------------
 % Ende Ueberschrift 2. Ordnung
 %
 \def\eTb{\vskip12pt
     \egroup
     \noindent
     \ignorespaces}
%===============================================================================
%Fonts fur die Uberschriften:
%------------------------------------------------------
  % Zaehler-Definitionen fuer Ueberschriften
  %
\catcode`\@=11
\expandafter \newcount \csname c@Tl\endcsname
    \csname c@Tl\endcsname=0
\expandafter \newcount \csname c@Tm\endcsname
    \csname c@Tm\endcsname=0
\expandafter \newcount \csname c@Tn\endcsname
    \csname c@Tn\endcsname=0
\expandafter \newcount \csname c@To\endcsname
    \csname c@To\endcsname=0
\expandafter \newcount \csname c@Tp\endcsname
    \csname c@Tp\endcsname=0
\def \resetcount#1    {\global
    \csname c@#1\endcsname=0}
\def\@nameuse#1{\csname #1\endcsname}
\def\arabic#1{\@arabic{\@nameuse{c@#1}}}
\def\@arabic#1{\ifnum #1>0 \number #1\fi}
 % --------------------------------------------------------------
 % Zaehler-Definition fuer Fussnoten und Uberschriften:
 %
\expandafter \newcount \csname c@fn\endcsname
    \csname c@fn\endcsname=0
\def \stepc#1    {\global
    \expandafter
    \advance
    \csname c@#1\endcsname by 1}
\catcode`\@=12
%------------------------------------------------------------------
% Fussnoten-macros
   \catcode`\@= 11
\def\footnoterule{\kern-3pt\hrule width 2true cm\kern2.6pt}% Trennlinie
%
\newinsert\footins
\def\footnotea#1{\let\@sf\empty % parameter #2 (the text) is read later
  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
  {\scriptfont1=\kka #1}\@sf\vfootnote{\scriptfont1=\sixi#1}}
\def\vfootnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup
  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
  \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
  \textindent{#1}\footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t}
\def\fo@t{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\f@@t
  \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
\def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
\def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}
\def\footstrut{\vbox to\splittopskip{}}
\skip\footins=\bigskipamount % space added when footnote is present
\count\footins=1000 % footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
\dimen\footins=8in % maximum footnotes per page
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Fussnote mit stern(*) gekennzeichnet
   \def \bfootax  {\bgroup\eightrm
                  \baselineskip=9pt plus0pt minus0pt
                  \lineskip=9pt plus0pt minus6pt
                  \lineskiplimit=-6pt
                  \textfont0=\eightrm
                  \def\textindent##1{\hang\noindent\hbox
                  to\parindent{##1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
                  \footnotea{$^\star$}\bgroup}
   \def \efootax  {\egroup\egroup}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Fussnote mit zwei Sternen(**) gekennzeichnet
   \def \bfootay  {\bgroup
                  \eightrm
                  \baselineskip=9pt plus0pt minus0pt
                  \lineskip=9pt plus0pt minus6pt
                  \lineskiplimit=-6pt
                  \textfont0=\eightrm
                  \def\textindent##1{\hang\noindent\hbox
                  to\parindent{##1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
                  \footnotea{$^{\star\star}$}\bgroup}
   \def \efootay  {\egroup\egroup }
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Fussnote mit drei Sternen(***) gekennzeichnet
   \def \bfootaz {\bgroup\eightrm
                 \baselineskip=9pt plus0pt minus0pt
                 \lineskip=9pt plus0pt minus6pt
                 \lineskiplimit=-6pt
                 \textfont0=\eightrm
                  \def\textindent##1{\hang\noindent\hbox
                  to\parindent{##1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
                 \footnotea{$^{\star\star\star}$}\bgroup}
   \def \efootaz {\egroup \egroup}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Automatisch numerierte Fussnote, Fussnotentex in petit
\def\fonote#1{\mehrsterne$^{\the\sterne}$\begingroup\petit
       \def\textindent##1{\hang\noindent\hbox
       to\parindent{##1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
\vfootnote{$^{\the\sterne}$}{#1}\endgroup}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`\@=12
%------------------------------------------------------
\let\lasttitle=N
%------------------------------------------------------
%
% Beginn Ueberschrift 1. Ordnung arabisch numeriert
%
\def \titlea#1{\stepc{Tl}
     \resetcount{Tm}
     \vskip24pt
     \bgroup
     \textfont1=\tamss\scriptfont1=\kleinhalbcurs
     \scriptscriptfont1=\tinyhalbcurs
     \bf
     \rightskip 0pt plus4em
     \pretolerance=20000
     \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip 24pt\noindent
     \arabic{Tl}.\
     \ignorespaces#1
     \vskip12pt}%
     \ifdim\pagetotal<\pagegoal
     \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by4\baselineskip
     \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
     \ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\vfill\eject\fi\fi
     \noindent
     \arabic{Tl}.\
     \ignorespaces#1
     \vskip12pt
     \egroup
     \nobreak
     \parindent=0pt
     \everypar={\parindent=1.5em
     \let\lasttitle=N\everypar={}}%
     \let\lasttitle=A%
     \ignorespaces}
 % -----------------------------------------------------------------
 % Beginn Ueberschrift 2. Ordnung arabisch numeriert
 %
 \def\titleb#1{\stepc{Tm}
     \resetcount{Tn}
     \if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-12pt\vskip-\baselineskip
     \fi
     \vskip 17pt
     \bgroup
     \raggedright
     \pretolerance=10000
     \it
     \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip 17pt
     \noindent
     \arabic{Tl}.\arabic{Tm}.\
     \ignorespaces#1
     \vskip8pt}%
     \ifdim\pagetotal<\pagegoal
     \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by3\baselineskip
     \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
     \if N\lasttitle\ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\eject\fi\fi
     \fi
     \noindent
     \arabic{Tl}.\arabic{Tm}.\
     \ignorespaces#1
     \vskip8pt
     \egroup
     \nobreak
     \everypar={\parindent=1.5em
     \let\lasttitle=N\everypar={}}%
     \let\lasttitle=B%
     \parindent=0pt
     \ignorespaces}
 % ----------------------------------------------------------------
 % Beginn Ueberschrift 3. Ordnung arabisch numeriert
 %
 \def \titlec#1{\stepc{Tn}
     \resetcount{To}
     \if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-3pt\vskip-\baselineskip
     \fi
     \vskip 11pt
     \bgroup
     \raggedright
     \pretolerance=10000
     \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip 11pt
     \noindent
     \arabic{Tl}.\arabic{Tm}.\arabic{Tn}.\
     \ignorespaces#1\vskip6pt}
     \ifdim\pagetotal<\pagegoal
     \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by 2\baselineskip
     \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
     \if N\lasttitle\ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\eject\fi\fi
     \fi
     \noindent
     \arabic{Tl}.\arabic{Tm}.\arabic{Tn}.\
     \ignorespaces#1\vskip6pt
     \egroup
     \nobreak
     \everypar={\parindent=1.5em
     \let\lasttitle=N\everypar={}}%
     \let\lasttitle=C%
     \parindent=0pt
     \ignorespaces}
 % -------------------------------------------------------------------
 % Beginn Ueberschrift 4. Ordnung arabisch numeriert
 %
 \def\titled#1{\stepc{To}
     \resetcount{Tp}
     \if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-3pt\vskip-\baselineskip
     \fi
     \vskip 11pt
     \bgroup
     \it
     \noindent
     \ignorespaces#1\unskip. \egroup\ignorespaces}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\let\REFEREE=N
\newbox\refereebox
\setbox\refereebox=\vbox
to0pt{\vskip0.5cm\line{\hrulefill\tentt\lower0.5ex
\hbox{\kern5pt referee's copy\kern5pt}\hrulefill}\vss}%
\def\refereelayout{\let\REFEREE=M\message{|A referee's copy will be
produced}}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\let\ts=\thinspace
% Variablenvereinbarung fuer Titelseitenautomatik
\newcount\sterne \sterne=0
\newtoks\RECDATE
\newtoks\ACCDATE
\newtoks\MAINTITLE
\newtoks\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD
\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD={ ????? }%
\newtoks\SUBTITLE
\newtoks\AUTHOR
\newtoks\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD
\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD={ ????? }%
\newtoks\INSTITUTE
\newtoks\SUMMARY
\newtoks\KEYWORDS
\newtoks\THESAURUS
\newtoks\SENDOFF
\newlinechar=`\| % Zeilenumbruchhilfe fuer TeX-Meldungen am Bildschirm
% Klammeraffe(@-Zeichen) wird Schluesselbuchstabe fuer affiliations
% solange Titel-page aktiv ist (Benutzung in AUTHOR und INSTITUTE)
\catcode`\@=\active
\let\INS=N%
% Aktionen, die bei Antreffen des @-Zeichens zu machen sind;
% drei Faelle a) @ bei AUTHOR, b) 1.@ bei INSTITUTE, c) alle weiteren @'s
\def@#1{\if N\INS $^{#1}$\else\if
E\INS\hangindent0.5\parindent\hangafter=1%
\noindent\hbox to0.5\parindent{$^{#1}$\hfil}\let\INS=Y\ignorespaces
\else\par\hangindent0.5\parindent\hangafter=1%
\noindent\hbox to0.5\parindent{$^{#1}$\hfil}\ignorespaces\fi\fi}%
% Automatische Fussnotennumerierung mit wachsender Anzahl Sterne
\def\mehrsterne{\advance\sterne by1\global\sterne=\sterne}%
% Fussnote in AUTHOR oder MAIN- bzw. SUBTITLE
\def\FOOTNOTE#1{\mehrsterne\ifcase\sterne
\or\bfootax \ignorespaces #1\efootax
\or\bfootay \ignorespaces #1\efootay
\or\bfootaz \ignorespaces #1\efootaz
\else\fi}%
% Present address
\def\PRESADD#1{\mehrsterne\ifcase\sterne
\or\bfootax Present address: #1\efootax
\or\bfootay Present address: #1\efootay
\or\bfootaz Present address: #1\efootaz\else\fi}%
% Hauptmacro fuer automatische Titelseite
\def\maketitle{\paglay%
\null\vskip2truecm
\def\missing{ ????? }% Schablone zur Erkennung von nicht ausgefuellten
% Feldern
%
% Methode zum Test auf Leerfelder: Variable wird mit \missing=" ????? "
% verglichen; Fallunterscheidung.
% \edef\test{\the\VARIABLE} macht die Variable dem Vergleich zugaenglich
% \ifx\test = \missing    d.h. steht in Variable der Text: " ????? "?
% !!!! Aktion fuer Fall ja, hier wurde also nichts eingetragen !!!!
% \else !!!! Fall fuer ausgefuellte Variable!!!! \fi
\edef\test{\the\SENDOFF}%
\ifx\test\missing\else\insert\footins{\smallskip\noindent
\eightrm{\eightit Offprint requests to\/}:
\ignorespaces\the\SENDOFF\smallskip}\fi
%
\let\kka=\tamt
\let\CHANGE=N
\edef\test{\the\MAINTITLE}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|Your MAINTITLE is missing.}%
\MAINTITLE={MAINTITLE should be given}\fi
\aTa\ignorespaces\the\MAINTITLE\eTa
{\def\FOOTNOTE##1{}%
\edef\test{\the\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}\ifx\test\missing
\else\let\CHANGE=Y\MAINTITLE={\the\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}\fi
\setbox0=\hbox{\petit\kern1.5cm\ignorespaces
\the\MAINTITLE\unskip}\ifdim\wd0>\hsize
\if N\CHANGE\message{|Your MAINTITLE is too long to be used
as the running head}\message{please supply a short form
in MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}\gdef\rightheadline{MAINTITLE
suppressed due to excessive length}\else
\message{|Your MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD is too long to be used
as the}\message{running head please supply a shorter form}%
\gdef\rightheadline{MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD
suppressed due to excessive length}\fi
\else\edef\temp{\ignorespaces\the\MAINTITLE\unskip}%
\xdef\rightheadline{\temp}\fi}
%
\let\kka=\tamss
\edef\test{\the\SUBTITLE}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|The SUBTITLE is optional.}%
\else\aTb\ignorespaces\the\SUBTITLE\eTb\fi
\let\FOOTNOTE=\undefined
%
\edef\test{\the\THESAURUS}%
\ifx\test\missing\THESAURUS={missing; you have not inserted them}\fi
%
\let\kka=\teni
\edef\test{\the\AUTHOR}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) missing.}%
\AUTHOR={Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given}\fi
\ignorespaces\the\AUTHOR\vskip9pt
\edef\test{\the\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD}%
\ifx\test\missing
{\def@##1{}\def\PRESADD##1{}\edef\temp{\ignorespaces\the\AUTHOR\unskip}%
\xdef\leftheadline{\temp}}\else
\edef\leftheadline{\ignorespaces\the\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD\unskip}\fi
%
\let\INS=E%
\edef\test{\the\INSTITUTE}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|Address(es) of author(s) missing.}%
\INSTITUTE={Address(es) of author(s) should be given.}\fi
\bgroup\petit\noindent\ignorespaces\the\INSTITUTE\vskip24pt\egroup
%
\edef\test{\the\RECDATE}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|The date of receipt should be inserted
later.}%
\RECDATE={{\petit $[$the date should be inserted later$]$}}\fi
\edef\test{\the\ACCDATE}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|The date of acceptance should be inserted
later.}%
\ACCDATE={{\petit $[$the date should be inserted later$]$}}\fi
%
\edef\test{\the\SUMMARY}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|Summary is missing.}%
\SUMMARY={Not yet supplied.}\fi
\noindent\bgroup\leftskip=1.5em{\bf Summary. }\ignorespaces
\the\SUMMARY\vskip0.5true cm\egroup
%
\edef\test{\the\KEYWORDS}\ifx\test\missing\message{|Missing keywords
(optional)}\else
\noindent\hangindent=1.5em\hangafter=0
{\bf Key words: }\ignorespaces\the\KEYWORDS\fi
%
\edef\test{\the\THESAURUS}%
\ifx\test\missing\message{|Thesaurus codes are not given.}\fi
%
\par
\global\sterne=0
\if M\REFEREE\let\REFEREE=Y
\footline={\copy\refereebox}%
\normalbaselineskip=2\normalbaselineskip
\normallineskip=2\normallineskip\normalbaselines\fi
\catcode`\@=12}%Ende von maketitle und der Klammeraffengruppe
% @ ist wieder ein ganz normales Zeichen und wird auch als solches
% gedruckt.
%-------------------------------------------------------------------