%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part pj2font.tex Version 1.5
%% (05/03/91) ERI/EDS/THS/BOG
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ifx 1\FONTS                            % Knuth-Fonts : cm
\message{ loading cm fonts }
\font \fiverm           = cmr5
\font \fivebf           = cmbx5
\font \fivei            = cmmi5
\font \fivesy           = cmsy5
\font \fivexm           = msam5
\font \fiveym           = msbm5
\font \fivesc           = cmcsc10 scaled 500
\font \fivesf           = cmss8 scaled 625
\font \fiveft           = eufm5

\font \sixrm            = cmr6
\font \sixbf            = cmbx6
\font \sixi             = cmmi6
\font \sixsy            = cmsy6
\font \sixmib           = cmmib10 scaled 640
\font \sixxm            = msam6
\font \sixym            = msbm6
\font \sixsc            = cmcsc10 scaled 600
\font \sixsf            = cmss8 scaled 750
\font \sixft            = eufm6

\font \sevenrm          = cmr7
\font \sevenbf          = cmbx7
\font \seveni           = cmmi7
\font \sevensy          = cmsy7
\font \sevenmib         = cmmib10 scaled 700
\font \sevenxm          = msam7
\font \sevenym          = msbm7
\font \sevensc          = cmcsc10 scaled 700
\font \sevensf          = cmss8 scaled 875
\font \sevenft          = eufm7

\font \eightrm          = cmr8                      % Small size
\font \eightbf          = cmbx8
\font \eightit          = cmti8
\font \eighttt          = cmtt8
\font \eighti           = cmmi8
\font \eightsy          = cmsy8
\font \eightmib         = cmmib10 scaled 833
\font \eightbsy         = cmbsy10 scaled 833
\font \eightxm          = msam8
\font \eightym          = msbm8
\font \eightsc          = cmcsc10 scaled 800
\font \eightsf          = cmss8
\font \eightft          = eufm8

\font \tenrm            = cmr10                         % Normal size
\font \tenbf            = cmbx10
\font \tenit            = cmti10
\font \tentt            = cmtt10
\font \teni             = cmmi10
\font \tensy            = cmsy10
\font \tenmib           = cmmib10
\font \tenbsy           = cmbsy10
\font \tenex            = cmex10
\font \tenxm            = msam10
\font \tenym            = msbm10
\font \tensc            = cmcsc10
\font \tensf            = cmss10
\font \tenft            = eufm10

\font \twlfbf           = cmbx10 scaled \magstep1       % Subtitle
\font \twlfbxti         = cmbxti10 scaled \magstep1
\font \twlfmib          = cmmib10 scaled \magstep1
\font \twlfbsy          = cmbsy10 scaled \magstep1
\font \twlfxm           = msam10 scaled \magstep1
\font \twlfym           = msbm10 scaled \magstep1
\font \twlfsf           = cmss10 scaled \magstep1

\font \logobf           = cmbx10 scaled \magstep2   % Journal Logo Font

\font \sxtnbf           = cmbx10 scaled \magstep3   % Main title
\font \sxtnti           = cmti10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnbxti         = cmbxti10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnmib          = cmmib10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnbsy          = cmbsy10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnxm           = msam10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnym           = msbm10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnsf           = cmss10 scaled \magstep3
%
\fi
%----------------------------------------------------------------------
%
\ifx 2\FONTS                            % PostScript Fonts : ps
%
\message{ loading PostScript fonts }
%
\font \fiverm           = psmtimr at 5pt
\font \fivebf           = psmtimb at 5pt
\font \fivei            = cmmi5
\font \fivesy           = cmsy5
\font \fivexm           = msam5
\font \fiveym           = msbm5
\font \fiveft           = eufm5
\font \fivesc           = cmcsc10 scaled 500
\font \fivesf           = psmhlv at 5pt
%
%
%
\font \sixrm            = psmtimr at 6pt
\font \sixbf            = psmtimb at 6pt
\font \sixi             = cmmi6
\font \sixsy            = cmsy6
\font \sixmib           = cmmib10 scaled 640
\font \sixxm            = msam6
\font \sixym            = msbm6
\font \sixft            = eufm6
\font \sixsc            = cmcsc10 scaled 600
\font \sixsf            = psmhlv at 6pt
%
%
%
\font \sevenrm          = psmtimr at 7pt
\font \sevenbf          = psmtimb at 7pt
\font \seveni           = cmmi7
\font \sevensy          = cmsy7
\font \sevenmib         = cmmib10 scaled 700
\font \sevenxm          = msam7
\font \sevenym          = msbm7
\font \sevenft          = eufm7
\font \sevensc          = cmcsc10 scaled 700
\font \sevensf          = psmhlv at 7pt
%
%
%
\font \eightrm          = psmtimr at 8pt               % Small size
\font \eightbf          = psmtimb at 8pt
\font \eightit          = psmtimi at 8pt
\font \eighttt          = psmcou at 8pt
\font \eighti           = cmmi8
\font \eightsy          = cmsy8
\font \eightmib         = cmmib10 scaled 833
\font \eightbsy         = cmbsy10 scaled 833
\font \eightxm          = msam8
\font \eightym          = msbm8
\font \eightft          = eufm8
\font \eightsc          = cmcsc10 scaled 800
\font \eightsf          = psmhlv at 8pt
%
%
%
\font \tenrm            = psmtimr at 10pt             % Normal size
\font \tenbf            = psmtimb at 10pt
\font \tenit            = psmtimi at 10pt
\font \tentt            = psmcou at 10pt
\font \teni             = cmmi10
\font \tensy            = cmsy10
\font \tenmib           = cmmib10
\font \tenbsy           = cmbsy10
\font \tenex            = cmex10
\font \tenxm            = msam10
\font \tenym            = msbm10
\font \tenft            = eufm10
\font \tensc            = cmcsc10
\font \tensf            = psmhlv at 10pt
%
\font \logobf           = psmtimb at 15pt        % Journal Logo Font
%
\font \twlfbf           = psmtimb at 12pt     % Subtitle
\font \twlfbxti         = psmtimbi at 12pt
\font \twlfmib          = cmmib10 scaled \magstep2
\font \twlfbsy          = cmbsy10 scaled \magstep2
\font \twlfxm           = msam10 at 12pt
\font \twlfym           = msbm10 at 12pt
\font \twlfsf           = psmhlv at 12pt
%
\font \sxtnbf           = psmtimb at 17pt                % Main title
\font \sxtnti           = psmtimi at 17pt
\font \sxtnbxti         = psmtimbi at 17pt
\font \sxtnmib          = cmmib10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnbsy          = cmbsy10 scaled \magstep3
\font \sxtnxm           = msam10 at 17pt
\font \sxtnym           = msbm10 at 17pt
\font \sxtnsf           = psmhlv at 17pt
%
\catcode`@=11 % use @ as a normal character
% PostScript version of the "not equal" sign
\def\psc@ncel#1#2{\ooalign{\hidewidth$#1/$\hidewidth\crcr$#1#2$}}
\def\neq{\mathrel{\mathpalette\psc@ncel=}}
\let\ne=\neq
% The PostScript version of \AA takes care of the right placement
% of the circle accent contrary to TeX's original definition that
% is fooled be wrong font dimensions
   {\catcode`p=12 \catcode`t=12
    \csname expandafter\endcsname\gdef
    \csname getfactor\endcsname#1pt{#1}}%
   \def\kslant#1{\kern\expandafter\getfactor\the\fontdimen1#1\ht0}%
   \def\AA{{\ifdim\fontdimen1\font>0pt\dimen0=0.45ex
            \else\dimen0=0.35ex\fi
            \setbox0=\hbox{A}\ht0=0.5\ht0\relax
            \ooalign{\hfil\raise\dimen0
                     \hbox{\kslant\font\char'27}\hfil\crcr
                     \hbox{A}}}}
\def\promille{\leavevmode\hbox{\raise1ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle0$}\kern-0.1em%
\raise0.4ex\hbox{\rm\char"2F}\kern-0.1em\hbox{$\scriptstyle00$}}}
\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
%
\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part pj2fam.tex Version 1.5 (04/24/91) ERI/BOG
%-------------------------------------------------------
%    AMSTeX families :
\newfam\msxfam
\newfam\msyfam
%
%    EULER family :
\newfam\ftfam
%
%    calligraphic family :
%\newfam\calfam
%
%    'small caps' family :
\newfam\scfam
%
%    'sans serif' family :
\newfam\sansfam

%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      main title families:
\def\sxtnbfpoint{%
\textfont0=\sxtnbf  \scriptfont0=\twlfbf  \scriptscriptfont0=\eightbf
\textfont1=\sxtnmib \scriptfont1=\twlfmib \scriptscriptfont1=\eightmib
\textfont2=\sxtnbsy \scriptfont2=\twlfbsy \scriptscriptfont2=\eightbsy
\textfont3=\tenex   \scriptfont3=\tenex   \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
%
\textfont\msxfam=\sxtnxm \scriptfont\msxfam=\twlfxm
\scriptscriptfont\msxfam=\eightxm%
\textfont\msyfam=\sxtnym \scriptfont\msyfam=\twlfym
\scriptscriptfont\msyfam=\eightym%
%
\textfont\sansfam=\sxtnsf \scriptfont\sansfam=\twlfsf
\scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\eightsf%
\def\sans{\fam\sansfam\sxtnsf}%
%
\def\it{\fam\itfam\sxtnbxti}%
\textfont\itfam=\sxtnbxti%
    \baselineskip=18dd%
    \lineskip=1dd%
    \sxtnbf%
%
\def\bf{}%
%
\if Y\REFEREE \baselineskip=2\baselineskip
\lineskip=2\lineskip\fi
}
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      head note family:
\def\sxtntipoint{\sxtnti%
\normalbaselineskip=18dd
\normallineskip=1dd
\normallineskiplimit=0dd
\normalbaselines%
}
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      Subtitle family:
\def\twlfbfpoint{%
\textfont0=\twlfbf  \scriptfont0=\eightbf  \scriptscriptfont0=\sixbf%
\textfont1=\twlfmib \scriptfont1=\eightmib \scriptscriptfont1=\sixmib%
\textfont2=\twlfbsy \scriptfont2=\eightbsy%\scriptscriptfont2=\sixbsy%
%
\textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex%
%
\textfont\msxfam=\twlfxm \scriptfont\msxfam=\eightxm
\scriptscriptfont\msxfam=\sixxm%
\textfont\msyfam=\twlfym \scriptfont\msyfam=\eightym
\scriptscriptfont\msyfam=\sixym%
%
\textfont\sansfam=\twlfsf \scriptfont\sansfam=\eightsf
\scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\sixsf%
\def\sans{\fam\sansfam\twlfsf}%
%
\def\it{\fam\itfam\twlfbxti}%
\textfont\itfam=\twlfbxti%
    \baselineskip=14dd%
    \lineskip=1dd%
    \twlfbf%
%
\def\bf{}%
%
\if Y\REFEREE \baselineskip=2\baselineskip
\lineskip=2\lineskip\fi
}
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      title families:
\def\tenbfpoint{%
\tenpoint\bf%
}%
%
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      10pt families:
\def\tenpoint{%
\def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}%   normal size
\textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\sixrm%
\textfont1=\teni  \scriptfont1=\seveni  \scriptscriptfont1=\sixi%
\textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\sixsy%
%
\textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex%
%
\textfont\msxfam=\tenxm \scriptfont\msxfam=\sevenxm
\scriptscriptfont\msxfam=\sixxm
\textfont\msyfam=\tenym \scriptfont\msyfam=\sevenym
\scriptscriptfont\msyfam=\sixym
%
\textfont\ftfam=\tenft \scriptfont\ftfam=\sevenft
\scriptscriptfont\ftfam=\sixft%
%
\textfont\scfam=\tensc \scriptfont\scfam=\sevensc
\scriptscriptfont\scfam=\sixsc%
\textfont\sansfam=\tensf \scriptfont\sansfam=\sevensf
\scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\sixsf%
%
\def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit}%
\textfont\itfam=\tenit%
%
\def\bf{%   bold families for bold mathematics:
    \textfont0=\tenbf \scriptfont0=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont0=\sixbf%
    \textfont1=\tenmib \scriptfont1=\sevenmib
    \scriptscriptfont1=\sixmib%
    \textfont2=\tenbsy%\scriptfont2=\sevenbsy
    %\scriptscriptfont2=\sixbsy%
                    % scriptfonts not in bold, as fonts are not loaded
    \fam\bffam\tenbf}%
%
\textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\sixbf%
%
\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}%
\textfont\ttfam=\tentt%
\def\mib{\tenmib}%
\def\sc{\fam\scfam\tensc}%
\def\sans{\fam\sansfam\tensf}%
%
\normalbaselineskip=10.5dd
\normallineskip=1dd
\normallineskiplimit=0dd
%
\normalbaselines
%
\if Y\REFEREE \baselineskip=2\baselineskip
\lineskip=2\lineskip\fi
%
\rm}
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      petit families:
\def\eightpoint{%
\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}% petit size
\textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm%
\textfont1=\eighti  \scriptfont1=\sixi  \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei%
\textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy%
%
\textfont3=\tenex \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex%
%
\textfont\msxfam=\eightxm \scriptfont\msxfam=\sixxm
\scriptscriptfont\msxfam=\fivexm
\textfont\msyfam=\eightym \scriptfont\msyfam=\sixym
\scriptscriptfont\msyfam=\fiveym
%
\textfont\ftfam=\eightft \scriptfont\ftfam=\sixft
\scriptscriptfont\ftfam=\fiveft%
%
\textfont\scfam=\eightsc \scriptfont\scfam=\sixsc
\scriptscriptfont\scfam=\fivesc%
\textfont\sansfam=\eightsf \scriptfont\sansfam=\sixsf
\scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\fivesf%
%
\def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}%
\textfont\itfam=\eightit%
%
\def\bf{%     bold families for bold mathematics
    \textfont0=\eightbf \scriptfont0=\sixbf \scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf%
    \textfont1=\eightmib \scriptfont1=\sixmib
    %\scriptscriptfont1=\fivemib%
    \textfont2=\eightbsy%\scriptfont2=\sixbsy
    %\scriptscriptfont2=\fivebsy%
              % scriptfonts not in bold, as fonts are not loaded
    \fam\bffam\eightbf}%
%
\textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf%
\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf%
\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}%
\textfont\ttfam=\eighttt%
\def\mib{\eightmib}%
\def\sc{\fam\scfam\eightsc}%
\def\sans{\fam\sansfam\eightsf}%
%
\skewchar\eighti='177  \skewchar\sixi='177%
\skewchar\eightsy='60  \skewchar\sixsy='60%
\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1%
%
\normalbaselineskip=9dd%
\normallineskip=1dd%
\normallineskiplimit=0dd%
\normalbaselines%
%
\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7dd depth2dd width0pt}%
\if Y\REFEREE \baselineskip=2\baselineskip \lineskip=2\lineskip%
\fi
 \rm}%

\def\petit{\eightpoint}
\def\basesize{\tenpoint}
\def\begpet{\vskip6pt\petit}%           begin of a paragraph in petit
\def\endpet{\vskip6pt\basesize}%        end of a paragraph in petit
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%      footnote families:
\def\footfont{\eightpoint}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part jchar.tex Version 1.6 (04/23/91) ERI/BOG
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%      mathchar definitions:
%%
  \mathchardef\Gamma="0100
  \mathchardef\Delta="0101
  \mathchardef\Theta="0102
  \mathchardef\Lambda="0103
  \mathchardef\Xi="0104
  \mathchardef\Pi="0105
  \mathchardef\Sigma="0106
  \mathchardef\Upsilon="0107
  \mathchardef\Phi="0108
  \mathchardef\Psi="0109
  \mathchardef\Omega="010A
%---------------------------------------------------------------
%%
\def\opdefa#1#2#3{\expandafter\gdef\csname #1\endcsname
     {\mathrel{\mathchoice
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\displaystyle     ####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr{#3}\cr}}}
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\textstyle        ####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr{#3}\cr}}}
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle      ####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr{#3}\cr}}}
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr{#3}\cr}}}}}
}
\def\opdefb#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\gdef\csname #1\endcsname
     {\mathrel{\mathchoice
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\displaystyle     ####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr
        #3\cr{#4}\cr}}}
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\textstyle        ####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr
        #3\cr{#4}\cr}}}
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle      ####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr
        #3\cr{#4}\cr}}}
        {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
        \halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle####$\hfil\cr{#2}\cr
        #3\cr{#4}\cr}}}}}
}
\opdefa{la}{<}{\sim}
\opdefa{ga}{>}{\sim}
\opdefa{getsto}{\gets}{\to}
\opdefa{lid}{<}{=}
\opdefa{gid}{>}{=}
\opdefa{sol}{\sim}{<}
\opdefa{sog}{\sim}{>}
\opdefa{lse}{<}{\simeq}
\opdefa{gse}{>}{\simeq}
\opdefb{grole}{>}{\noalign{\vskip -0.15em}}{<}
\opdefb{leogr}{<}{\noalign{\vskip -0.15em}}{>}
\opdefa{loa}{<}{\approx}
\opdefa{goa}{>}{\approx}
%%
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
%%
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\utw{\smash{\rlap{\lower5pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}}
\def\udtw{\smash{\rlap{\lower6pt\hbox{$\approx$}}}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\cor{\mathrel{\mathchoice
        {\hbox{$\widehat=$}}{\hbox{$\widehat=$}}
        {\hbox{$\scriptstyle\hat=$}}
        {\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\hat=$}}}}
\def\diameter{{\ifmmode\mathchoice
        {\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\displaystyle/$}\hfil\crcr
                {\hbox{$\displaystyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
        {\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\textstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
                {\hbox{$\textstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
        {\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
                {\hbox{$\scriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
        {\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
                {\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
        \else{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}%
\fi
}}
\def\solidqed{\quad\vbox{\hrule height 0.65em width 0.65em depth 0em}}%
\catcode`\@=11
\def\q@d{\quad{\vcenter{\vbox{\hrule height 0.25pt%
        \hbox{\vrule width 0.25pt height 0.65em \kern 0.65em%
        \vrule width 0.25pt}%
        \hrule height 0.25pt}}}}%
\def\qed{\ifmmode\q@d \else$\q@d$\fi}%

%
\def\D{{\rm d}}
\let\diff=\D
\def\E{{\rm e}}
\let\eul=\E
\def\I{{\rm i}}
\let\imag=\I
%
\catcode`\@=12
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Macros for other sizes
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\def\vec#1{%
\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle\bf#1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle\bf#1$}}%
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\bf#1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\bf#1$}}}
%----------------------------------------------------------
\def\tens#1{
\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle\sans#1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle\sans#1$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\sans#1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\sans#1$}}}
%%%%%%  black boxes
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\blackquad{\leavevmode%
  \kern0.05em\vrule height0.7em depth0.2em width0.4em%
  \kern0.1em\vrule height0.7em depth0.2em width0.4em%
  \kern0.1em\vrule height0.7em depth0.2em width0.4em\kern0.05em}%
\def\refblock{\blackquad--\blackquad}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%      AMSTeX Characters
%%
\catcode`\@=11
\def\hexnumber@#1{\ifcase#1 0\or1\or2\or3\or4\or5\or6\or7\or8\or9\or
 A\or B\or C\or D\or E\or F\fi}
\edef\bffam@{\hexnumber@\bffam}
\mathchardef\boldGamma="0\bffam@00
\mathchardef\boldDelta="0\bffam@01
\mathchardef\boldTheta="0\bffam@02
\mathchardef\boldLambda="0\bffam@03
\mathchardef\boldXi="0\bffam@04
\mathchardef\boldPi="0\bffam@05
\mathchardef\boldSigma="0\bffam@06
\mathchardef\boldUpsilon="0\bffam@07
\mathchardef\boldPhi="0\bffam@08
\mathchardef\boldPsi="0\bffam@09
\mathchardef\boldOmega="0\bffam@0A
\edef\msx@{\hexnumber@\msxfam}
\edef\msy@{\hexnumber@\msyfam}
\mathchardef\boxdot="2\msx@00
\mathchardef\boxplus="2\msx@01
\mathchardef\boxtimes="2\msx@02
\mathchardef\square="0\msx@03
\mathchardef\blacksquare="0\msx@04
\mathchardef\centerdot="2\msx@05
\mathchardef\lozenge="0\msx@06
\mathchardef\blacklozenge="0\msx@07
\mathchardef\circlearrowright="3\msx@08
\mathchardef\circlearrowleft="3\msx@09
\mathchardef\rightleftharpoons="3\msx@0A
\mathchardef\leftrightharpoons="3\msx@0B
\mathchardef\boxminus="2\msx@0C
\mathchardef\Vdash="3\msx@0D
\mathchardef\Vvdash="3\msx@0E
\mathchardef\vDash="3\msx@0F
\mathchardef\twoheadrightarrow="3\msx@10
\mathchardef\twoheadleftarrow="3\msx@11
\mathchardef\leftleftarrows="3\msx@12
\mathchardef\rightrightarrows="3\msx@13
\mathchardef\upuparrows="3\msx@14
\mathchardef\downdownarrows="3\msx@15
\mathchardef\upharpoonright="3\msx@16
\let\restriction\upharpoonright
\mathchardef\downharpoonright="3\msx@17
\mathchardef\upharpoonleft="3\msx@18
\mathchardef\downharpoonleft="3\msx@19
\mathchardef\rightarrowtail="3\msx@1A
\mathchardef\leftarrowtail="3\msx@1B
\mathchardef\leftrightarrows="3\msx@1C
\mathchardef\rightleftarrows="3\msx@1D
\mathchardef\Lsh="3\msx@1E
\mathchardef\Rsh="3\msx@1F
\mathchardef\rightsquigarrow="3\msx@20
\mathchardef\leftrightsquigarrow="3\msx@21
\mathchardef\looparrowleft="3\msx@22
\mathchardef\looparrowright="3\msx@23
\mathchardef\circeq="3\msx@24
\mathchardef\succsim="3\msx@25
\mathchardef\gtrsim="3\msx@26
\mathchardef\gtrapprox="3\msx@27
\mathchardef\multimap="3\msx@28
\mathchardef\therefore="3\msx@29
\mathchardef\because="3\msx@2A
\mathchardef\doteqdot="3\msx@2B
\let\Doteq\doteqdot
\mathchardef\triangleq="3\msx@2C
\mathchardef\precsim="3\msx@2D
\mathchardef\lesssim="3\msx@2E
\mathchardef\lessapprox="3\msx@2F
\mathchardef\eqslantless="3\msx@30
\mathchardef\eqslantgtr="3\msx@31
\mathchardef\curlyeqprec="3\msx@32
\mathchardef\curlyeqsucc="3\msx@33
\mathchardef\preccurlyeq="3\msx@34
\mathchardef\leqq="3\msx@35
\mathchardef\leqslant="3\msx@36
\mathchardef\lessgtr="3\msx@37
\mathchardef\backprime="0\msx@38
\mathchardef\risingdotseq="3\msx@3A
\mathchardef\fallingdotseq="3\msx@3B
\mathchardef\succcurlyeq="3\msx@3C
\mathchardef\geqq="3\msx@3D
\mathchardef\geqslant="3\msx@3E
\mathchardef\gtrless="3\msx@3F
\mathchardef\sqsubset="3\msx@40
\mathchardef\sqsupset="3\msx@41
\mathchardef\vartriangleright="3\msx@42
\mathchardef\vartriangleleft ="3\msx@43
\mathchardef\trianglerighteq="3\msx@44
\mathchardef\trianglelefteq="3\msx@45
\mathchardef\bigstar="0\msx@46
\mathchardef\between="3\msx@47
\mathchardef\blacktriangledown="0\msx@48
\mathchardef\blacktriangleright="3\msx@49
\mathchardef\blacktriangleleft="3\msx@4A
\mathchardef\vartriangle="0\msx@4D
\mathchardef\blacktriangle="0\msx@4E
\mathchardef\triangledown="0\msx@4F
\mathchardef\eqcirc="3\msx@50
\mathchardef\lesseqgtr="3\msx@51
\mathchardef\gtreqless="3\msx@52
\mathchardef\lesseqqgtr="3\msx@53
\mathchardef\gtreqqless="3\msx@54
\mathchardef\Rrightarrow="3\msx@56
\mathchardef\Lleftarrow="3\msx@57
\mathchardef\veebar="2\msx@59
\mathchardef\barwedge="2\msx@5A
\mathchardef\doublebarwedge="2\msx@5B
\mathchardef\angle="0\msx@5C
\mathchardef\measuredangle="0\msx@5D
\mathchardef\sphericalangle="0\msx@5E
\mathchardef\varpropto="3\msx@5F
\mathchardef\smallsmile="3\msx@60
\mathchardef\smallfrown="3\msx@61
\mathchardef\Subset="3\msx@62
\mathchardef\Supset="3\msx@63
\mathchardef\Cup="2\msx@64
\let\doublecup\Cup
\mathchardef\Cap="2\msx@65
\let\doublecap\Cap
\mathchardef\curlywedge="2\msx@66
\mathchardef\curlyvee="2\msx@67
\mathchardef\leftthreetimes="2\msx@68
\mathchardef\rightthreetimes="2\msx@69
\mathchardef\subseteqq="3\msx@6A
\mathchardef\supseteqq="3\msx@6B
\mathchardef\bumpeq="3\msx@6C
\mathchardef\Bumpeq="3\msx@6D
\mathchardef\lll="3\msx@6E
\let\llless\lll
\mathchardef\ggg="3\msx@6F
\let\gggtr\ggg
\mathchardef\circledS="0\msx@73
\mathchardef\pitchfork="3\msx@74
\mathchardef\dotplus="2\msx@75
\mathchardef\backsim="3\msx@76
\mathchardef\backsimeq="3\msx@77
\mathchardef\complement="0\msx@7B
\mathchardef\intercal="2\msx@7C
\mathchardef\circledcirc="2\msx@7D
\mathchardef\circledast="2\msx@7E
\mathchardef\circleddash="2\msx@7F
\def\ulcorner{\delimiter"4\msx@70\msx@70 }
\def\urcorner{\delimiter"5\msx@71\msx@71 }
\def\llcorner{\delimiter"4\msx@78\msx@78 }
\def\lrcorner{\delimiter"5\msx@79\msx@79 }
\def\yen{{\mathhexbox@\msx@55 }}
\def\checkmark{{\mathhexbox@\msx@58 }}
\def\circledR{{\mathhexbox@\msx@72 }}
\def\maltese{{\mathhexbox@\msx@7A }}
\mathchardef\lvertneqq="3\msy@00
\mathchardef\gvertneqq="3\msy@01
\mathchardef\nleq="3\msy@02
\mathchardef\ngeq="3\msy@03
\mathchardef\nless="3\msy@04
\mathchardef\ngtr="3\msy@05
\mathchardef\nprec="3\msy@06
\mathchardef\nsucc="3\msy@07
\mathchardef\lneqq="3\msy@08
\mathchardef\gneqq="3\msy@09
\mathchardef\nleqslant="3\msy@0A
\mathchardef\ngeqslant="3\msy@0B
\mathchardef\lneq="3\msy@0C
\mathchardef\gneq="3\msy@0D
\mathchardef\npreceq="3\msy@0E
\mathchardef\nsucceq="3\msy@0F
\mathchardef\precnsim="3\msy@10
\mathchardef\succnsim="3\msy@11
\mathchardef\lnsim="3\msy@12
\mathchardef\gnsim="3\msy@13
\mathchardef\nleqq="3\msy@14
\mathchardef\ngeqq="3\msy@15
\mathchardef\precneqq="3\msy@16
\mathchardef\succneqq="3\msy@17
\mathchardef\precnapprox="3\msy@18
\mathchardef\succnapprox="3\msy@19
\mathchardef\lnapprox="3\msy@1A
\mathchardef\gnapprox="3\msy@1B
\mathchardef\nsim="3\msy@1C
\mathchardef\napprox="3\msy@1D
\mathchardef\ncong="3\msy@1D
\def\napprox{\not\approx}
\mathchardef\varsubsetneq="3\msy@20
\mathchardef\varsupsetneq="3\msy@21
\mathchardef\nsubseteqq="3\msy@22
\mathchardef\nsupseteqq="3\msy@23
\mathchardef\subsetneqq="3\msy@24
\mathchardef\supsetneqq="3\msy@25
\mathchardef\varsubsetneqq="3\msy@26
\mathchardef\varsupsetneqq="3\msy@27
\mathchardef\subsetneq="3\msy@28
\mathchardef\supsetneq="3\msy@29
\mathchardef\nsubseteq="3\msy@2A
\mathchardef\nsupseteq="3\msy@2B
\mathchardef\nparallel="3\msy@2C
\mathchardef\nmid="3\msy@2D
\mathchardef\nshortmid="3\msy@2E
\mathchardef\nshortparallel="3\msy@2F
\mathchardef\nvdash="3\msy@30
\mathchardef\nVdash="3\msy@31
\mathchardef\nvDash="3\msy@32
\mathchardef\nVDash="3\msy@33
\mathchardef\ntrianglerighteq="3\msy@34
\mathchardef\ntrianglelefteq="3\msy@35
\mathchardef\ntriangleleft="3\msy@36
\mathchardef\ntriangleright="3\msy@37
\mathchardef\nleftarrow="3\msy@38
\mathchardef\nrightarrow="3\msy@39
\mathchardef\nLeftarrow="3\msy@3A
\mathchardef\nRightarrow="3\msy@3B
\mathchardef\nLeftrightarrow="3\msy@3C
\mathchardef\nleftrightarrow="3\msy@3D
\mathchardef\divideontimes="2\msy@3E
\mathchardef\varnothing="0\msy@3F
\mathchardef\nexists="0\msy@40
\mathchardef\mho="0\msy@66
\mathchardef\eth="0\msy@67
\mathchardef\eqsim="3\msy@68
\mathchardef\beth="0\msy@69
\mathchardef\gimel="0\msy@6A
\mathchardef\daleth="0\msy@6B
\mathchardef\lessdot="3\msy@6C
\mathchardef\gtrdot="3\msy@6D
\mathchardef\ltimes="2\msy@6E
\mathchardef\rtimes="2\msy@6F
\mathchardef\shortmid="3\msy@70
\mathchardef\shortparallel="3\msy@71
\mathchardef\smallsetminus="2\msy@72
\mathchardef\thicksim="3\msy@73
\mathchardef\thickapprox="3\msy@74
\mathchardef\approxeq="3\msy@75
\mathchardef\succapprox="3\msy@76
\mathchardef\precapprox="3\msy@77
\mathchardef\curvearrowleft="3\msy@78
\mathchardef\curvearrowright="3\msy@79
\mathchardef\digamma="0\msy@7A
\mathchardef\varkappa="0\msy@7B
\mathchardef\hslash="0\msy@7D
\mathchardef\hbar="0\msy@7E
\mathchardef\backepsilon="3\msy@7F
%
     \def\frak#1{{\fam\ftfam #1}}
     \def\goth#1{{\fam\ftfam #1}}
%
%                   calligraphics:
%
%\ifx 2\FONTS   %
%        \def\cal#1{{\fam\calfam #1}}
%\fi
\ifx 1\FONTS   %
    \def\cal#1{{\fam2 #1}}%
\fi
%
% Definition of blackboard bold characters.
\def\Bbb#1{{\fam\msyfam #1}}%
%
\def\bbbc{\Bbb C}
\def\bbbe{\Bbb E}
\def\bbbf{\Bbb F}
\def\bbbh{\Bbb H}
\def\bbbk{\Bbb K}
\def\bbbm{\Bbb M}
\def\bbbn{\Bbb N}
\def\bbbp{\Bbb P}
\def\bbbq{\Bbb Q}
\def\bbbr{\Bbb R}
\def\bbbs{\Bbb S}
\def\bbbt{\Bbb T}
\def\bbbz{\Bbb Z}
%
\def\bbbone{\mathchoice{\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}{\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l}{\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}
%
\catcode`\@=12
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part pj2val.tex Version 1.4 (10/16/90) ERI
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       GENERAL SETTINGS
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% helps for arrangement
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\hfuzz=2pt
\vfuzz=2pt
\tolerance=1000
%        display style formulas narrower:
\abovedisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
\belowdisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt
\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt
\clubpenalty=20000
\widowpenalty=20000
\predisplaypenalty=0
\newdimen\defaultparindent
\parindent=1.5em
\defaultparindent=\parindent
\frenchspacing
\fontdimen3\tenrm=1.5\fontdimen3\tenrm
\fontdimen7\tenrm=1.5\fontdimen7\tenrm
\def\newline{\hfil\break}%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% default values
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\vsize = 640dd
\newdimen\fullhsize
\newdimen\colhsize
\fullhsize=39.5cc
\colhsize=19cc
\hsize=\colhsize
%       ACHTUNG: der folgende Wert kann nicht ohne weiteres verwendet
%       werden, da in twocol.tex topskip=10pt fest verdrahtet!
%       \topskip = 13dd
\newdimen\defaulttopskip   \defaulttopskip=10pt%%changed from: !!11dd
\topskip = \defaulttopskip
\hoffset=-1true cm
\voffset=-1true cm
\def\makefootline{\baselineskip=10dd \fullline{\the\footline}}
\def\makeheadline{\vbox to 0pt{\vskip-22.5pt
        \fullline{\vbox to 8.5pt{}\the\headline}\vss}\nointerlineskip}
\let\lr=Y% two columns
\newbox\leftcolumn
\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       FOOTNOTERULE
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\footnoterule{\kern-3pt\hrule width 4true cc\kern2.6pt}%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%  new definitions:
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%
\newdimen\defaultbase      \defaultbase=10.5dd% default baselineskip
\newdimen\vardbase         \vardbase=10.5dd
%
\newdimen\beforeref        \beforeref=2\defaultbase     % references
\newdimen\afterreft        \afterreft=\defaultbase
\newdimen\afterauthor      \afterauthor=6dd
%
\newdimen\defaultrefindent \defaultrefindent=\defaultparindent
\newdimen\letrefindent     \letrefindent=1cc
%
\newdimen\beforeack    \beforeack=\defaultbase      % acknowledgements
\newdimen\beforeapp    \beforeapp=\defaultbase      % appendices
\newdimen\afterappt    \afterappt=0.5\defaultbase   % title appendix
\newdimen\afterinst    \afterinst=\defaultbase      % institute
\newdimen\beforekey    \beforekey=\defaultbase
%
\newdimen\itemindent       \itemindent=1.5em
\newdimen\itemitemindent   \itemitemindent=3.0em
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       note: values referring to headlines and titlepage are
%             set with the definitions
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       main header: top of page values
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\newdimen\realhead          % measurement for main header
\realhead=200dd             %
\newdimen\beforemain
\beforemain=3\defaultbase   % main header must not overlap top stuff!!
\newdimen\theshd            % height of thesaurus in
%                             case it doesn't exist
\theshd=50dd
\def\bumarkskip{-0dd}       % minus space for logo
%
\setbox0=\hbox{\newtoks\REFEREE\let\REFEREE=N\footfont
\unskip$\scriptstyle***$\enspace}
\newdimen\footindent     \footindent=\wd0
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part pjlang.tex Version 1.4 (10/16/90) ERI
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\gdef\english{%
        \ifx\undefined\summary
                \def\summary{Abstract}
        \else
                \def\alreadysum{yes}
        \fi
        \def\transsummary{Abstract\message{why a translation in
        English text?|}}
        \def\mail{Correspondence to}
        \def\keyhdg{Key words}
        \def\transkeyhdg{Key words}
        \ifx\undefined\received
                \xdef\received{Received}
        \else
                \def\alreadyrec{yes}
        \fi
        \def\claim{Claim}
        \def\conjecture{Conjecture}
        \def\corollary{Corollary}
        \def\definition{Definition}
        \def\example{Example}
        \def\exercise{Exercise}
        \def\lemma{Lemma}
        \def\note{Note}
        \def\proof{Proof}
        \def\property{Property}
        \def\remark{Remark}
        \def\theorem{Theorem}
        \def\noteadd{Note added in proof}
        \def\appendix{Appendix}
        \def\acknowledgement{Acknowledgement}
        \def\references{References}
        \def\table{Table}
        \def\figg{Fig.}
        \def\presaddhdg{Present address}
}
\gdef\french{%
        \ifx\undefined\alreadysum
                \def\summary{R\'esum\'e}
        \fi
        \def\transsummary{Abstract}
        \def\keyhdg{Mots clef}
        \def\transkeyhdg{Key words}
        \ifx\undefined\alreadyrec
                \def\received{Re\c cu}
        \fi
        \def\claim{Pr\'etention}
        \def\conjecture{Conjecture}
        \def\corollary{Corrolaire}
        \def\definition{D\'efinition}
        \def\example{Exemple}
        \def\exercise{Exercise}
        \def\lemma{Lemme}
        \def\note{Note}
        \def\proof{\'Epreuve}
        \def\property{Caract\'eristique}
        \def\remark{Remark}
        \def\theorem{Th\'eor\`eme}
        \def\noteadd{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}
        \def\appendix{Appendice}
        \def\acknowledgement{Remerciements}
        \def\references{Bibliographie}
        \def\table{Table}
        \def\figg{Fig.}
        \def\presaddhdg{Adresse actuelle}
}
\gdef\german{%
        \ifx\undefined\alreadysum
                \def\summary{Zusammenfassung}
        \fi
        \def\transsummary{Abstract}
        \def\keyhdg{Schl\"usselw\"orter}
        \def\transkeyhdg{Key words}
        \ifx\undefined\alredyrec
                \xdef\received{Erhalten}
        \fi
        \def\claim{Behauptung}
        \def\conjecture{Hypothese}
        \def\corollary{Korrolar}
        \def\definition{Definition}
        \def\example{Beispiel}
        \def\exercise{\"Ubung}
        \def\lemma{Lemma}
        \def\note{Anmerkung}
        \def\proof{Beweis}
        \def\property{Eigenschaft}
        \def\remark{Bemerkung}
        \def\theorem{Theorem}
        \def\noteadd{Nachtrag}
        \def\appendix{Anhang}
        \def\acknowledgements{Danksagung}
        \def\references{Literatur}
        \def\table{Tab.}
        \def\figg{Abb.}
        \def\presaddhdg{Momentane Adresse}
}
\english%(default: english; for using another language
        %         type \french or \german in document)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part pj2macro.tex Version 1.5
%% (04/29/91) ERI/THS/BOG
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
% redefinition of plain's \item, so it will work after headlines:
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`@=11    % use @ as a normal character
%
% \ch@ckitem(item)mark measures the width of the \item(item)s mark
% and issues a warning if it will not fit in the space provided
\def\ch@ckitemmark#1{\setbox0=\hbox{\enspace#1}%
\ifdim\wd0>\itemindent
   \message{|\string\item: Your mark `\string#1' is too wide. }%
\fi}
\def\ch@ckitemitemmark#1{\setbox0=\hbox{\kern\itemindent\enspace#1}%
\ifdim\wd0>\itemitemindent
   \message{|\string\itemitem: Your mark `\string#1' is too wide. }%
\fi}
%
% \set@item@mark is used to produce the \item's mark
\def\set@item@mark#1{\ch@ckitemmark{#1}%
\hbox to\itemindent{\hss#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
% \set@itemitem@mark is used to produce the \itemitem's mark
\def\set@itemitem@mark#1{\ch@ckitemitemmark{#1}%
\dimen0=\itemitemindent
\advance\dimen0 by-\itemindent
\kern\itemindent\hbox to\dimen0{#1\hss}\ignorespaces}
%
% \setitem(item)indent takes its argument as the widest mark
% of an \item(item) and changes the \item(item)indent accordingly
\def\setitemindent#1{\setbox0=\hbox{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace}%
\itemindent=\wd0\relax
\ifx\quiet\undefined
\message{|\string\setitemindent: Mark width modified to hold
         |`\string#1' plus an \string\enspace\space gap. }%
\fi}
\def\setitemitemindent#1{\setbox0=\hbox{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace}%
\itemitemindent=\wd0\relax
\ifx\quiet\undefined
\message{|\string\setitemitemindent: Mark width modified to hold
         |`\string#1' plus an \string\enspace\space gap. }\fi
\advance\itemitemindent by\itemindent}
%
% \item is redefined to produce a right aligned mark with
% a fixed gap, the hanging indentation has the width \itemindent.
% \itemitem is redefined to produce a left aligned mark with indention
% \itemindent, the hanging indentation has the width \itemitemindent.
% If there are flush left equations (\mathhsize is defined)
% that size is also corrected for use inside an \item(item).
%
   \def\item{\par\noindent
   \hangindent\itemindent\hangafter=1\relax
   \set@item@mark}
   %
   \def\itemitem{\par\noindent
   \hangindent\itemitemindent\hangafter=1\relax
   \set@itemitem@mark}
\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
%
\def\hang{\parindent\defaultparindent\hangindent\parindent}
\def\textindent#1{\indent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
\def\narrower{\advance\leftskip\defaultparindent
  \advance\rightskip\defaultparindent}
\def\fullline{\hbox to\fullhsize}
\newdimen\fullhead
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%      Definition of \verbatim environment, \verb and \verbb
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
% This is verbatim.tex
% is defines a various macros for verbatim output
%
\chardef\other=12
% first some sorts of blanks
\def\BlankIsSpace{\def\blankmeaning{\space}}
\def\BlankIsControlSpace{\def\blankmeaning{\ }}
\ifx 1\FONTS                            % Knuth-Fonts : cm
   \def\visibleblank{{\tt\char32}}
\else                                   % PostScript Fonts : ps
% the "visible space" is not defined in PostScript so it's simulated
   \def\visibleblank{{\tt\setbox0=\hbox{m}\lower0.3ex
   \hbox to\wd0{\kern0.1\wd0\vrule height0.8ex\hrulefill\vrule
   height0.8ex\kern0.1\wd0}}}
\fi
\def\BlankIsVisible{\expandafter\def\expandafter\blankmeaning
                    \expandafter{\visibleblank}}
\def\theblankmeaning{\blankmeaning}
{\obeyspaces\global\let =\theblankmeaning}
\def\obeyspaces{\BlankIsControlSpace\catcode`\ =\active}
{\catcode`\`=\active \gdef`{\relax\lq}}
% make all special characters printable, with backdoor
\def\setupverbatim{\begingroup\catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
  \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
  \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other
  \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other
  \catcode`\^^?=0\relax% ASCII 127 is the new backslash
  \catcode`\^^S=14\relax% ASCII 19 is the new comment character
  \obeyspaces\tt}
% enable use of a verbatim delimiter
\def\doverbatim#1{\def\next##1#1{##1\endgroup}\next}
% \verb obeys spaces, that are printed invisible
\def\verb{\setupverbatim\doverbatim}
% \verbb obeys spaces, that are printed visible
\def\verbb{\setupverbatim\BlankIsVisible\doverbatim}
% define \endverbatim with "\" of \catcode 12 as delimiter for verbatim
{\catcode`\^^?=0 ^^?catcode`^^?\=\other^^?obeylines%
^^?gdef^^?ttfinish#1\endverbatim{#1^^?endgraf^^?bigskip^^?endgroup}}
% \begverbatim obeys spaces and lines and can be tailored
% by its argument, if this is not defined \rm is used instead.
\def\begverbatim#1{\par
\setupverbatim
\def\newline{\hfil\break\strut}%
\let\par=\newline
\parindent=0pt
\leftskip=\defaultparindent
\rightskip=0pt plus1fil
\advance\baselineskip by0pt plus0.1pt
\hyphenchar\tentt=-1
\def\begrm{\bgroup\rm}% easy way to have \rm enclosure in \tt text
\def\endrm{\egroup}% by typing \begrm roman text \endrm
\ifx#1\undefined
    \message{|\string\begverbatim: Typeface `\string#1' undefined,
              using \string\tt. }%
    \let\next\relax
\else
    \def\next{#1}%
\fi
\next
\obeylines\ttfinish}
% listing prints an external file in verbatim mode
\def\listing#1{\par
\setupverbatim
\obeylines\input#1 \par\bigskip\endgroup}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% FORMULA COUNTER
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%        register for generating automatic numbered formulas:
\newcount\eqnum\eqnum=0
\def\autnum{\global\advance\eqnum by 1{\rm(\the\eqnum)}}
% \autnum usage: $$ formula \eqno\autnum$$
%            or: $$\eqalignno{a&=b&\autnum\cr}$$
%
%       EQUATION NUMBERS:
\ifcase\eqleft\or\let\eqno=\leqno\fi
\newtoks\eq\newtoks\eqn
\catcode`\@=11%         !!!!
\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\openup\jot\m@th
  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
      \crcr#1\crcr}}}
\def\displaylines#1{{}$\displ@y
\hbox{\vbox{\halign{$\@lign\hfil\displaystyle##\hfil$\crcr
    #1\crcr}}}${}}
\def\eqalignno#1{{}$\displ@y
  \hbox{\vbox{\halign to\hsize{\hfil$\@lign
  \displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
    &\llap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
    #1\crcr}}}${}}
\def\leqalignno#1{{}$\displ@y
\hbox{\vbox{\halign to\hsize{\qquad\hfil$\@lign
\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
    &\kern-\hsize\rlap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\hsize\crcr
    #1\crcr}}}${}}

\ifcase\eqleft\or\let\eqalignno=\leqalignno\fi

\def\generaldisplay{%
\ifeqno
       \ifleqno\leftline{$\displaystyle\the\eqn\quad\the\eq$}%
       \else
        \ifcase\eqleft\line{$\displaystyle\the\eq\hfill\the\eqn$}%
        \or\leftline{$\displaystyle\the\eqn\quad\the\eq$}%
        \fi
\fi
       %\else\line{$\displaystyle\the\eq\hfill\the\eqn$}\fi
\else
       \leftline{$\displaystyle\the\eq$}%
\fi
\global\eq={}\global\eqn={}}%
\newif\ifeqno\newif\ifleqno \everydisplay{\displaysetup}
\def\displaysetup#1$${\displaytest#1\eqno\eqno\displaytest}
\def\displaytest#1\eqno#2\eqno#3\displaytest{%
\if!#3!\ldisplaytest#1\leqno\leqno\ldisplaytest
\else\eqnotrue\leqnofalse\eqn={#2}\eq={#1}\fi
\generaldisplay$$}

\def\ldisplaytest#1\leqno#2\leqno#3\ldisplaytest{\eq={#1}%
\if!#3!\eqnofalse\else\eqnotrue\leqnotrue\eqn={#2}\fi}
\catcode`\@=12%         !!! % at signs are no longer letters
% Math end from aa.dra
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%      FIGURES AND TABLES
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%% general macros
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%      new 30.12.91 FUH:  % rules invisible
\def\finehrule{\hrule height 0pt}
\def\finevrule{\vrule width 0pt}
\def\frame#1{\vbox{\finehrule\line{\finevrule\vbox to#1true cm{\vfil}%
             \hfil\finevrule}\finehrule}}
\def\doins#1{\par
  \ifvoid\topins\midinsert\vbox{#1}\endinsert
  \else\topinsert\vbox{#1}\endinsert\fi}
%
\def\tabcap#1#2{\smallskip\noindent%
\bgroup\petit{\bf\table\ts#1.\ }%
  \ignorespaces #2\smallskip\egroup}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       REFERENCES
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`@=11    % use @ as a normal character
% the amount of indention in \refno and \refmark it is
% measured by \begref
\newdimen\refindent
%
% the amount of indention in \ref
\newdimen\refnormindent
\refnormindent=1em
%
% \setupw@rning initializes the warning message that is issued if
% the user does not supply the second argument of the begin of the
% references. Then the indention cannot be calculated what makes
% at least the first reference unusuable.
\def\setupw@rning#1{\def\startrefid{\string#1}%
   \def\w@rning{\message{|Something may be wrong with your references;
                         |probably you missed the second argument of
                         \startrefid.}%
                \let\w@rning\relax}}
%
% \begref prints a \utitlea with its first argument as text
% the second parameter is the widest label inside the references
% and starts small print
\def\begref#1#2{\bgroup
                \vskip\beforeref\par%
                \basesize\noindent{\bf {#1}}\nobreak\vskip\afterreft
                \nobreak
                \petit
                \setupw@rning{\begref}
                \setbox0=\hbox{#2\enspace}\refindent=\wd0\relax
                \let\w@rning\relax
                \ignorespaces\rm}
%
% \ref produces ordinary entries,
% successive lines are indented by \refnormindent
\def\ref{\w@rning\goodbreak
   \hangindent\refnormindent\hangafter=1
   \noindent\ignorespaces}
% \refno produces entries with right-aligned marks in the margin
% successive lines are indented by \refindent
%       call for reference: \refno{23} Thomas Mueller: title ...
%       --> \par\hangindent ... 23. Thomas Mueller: title ...
\def\refno#1{\w@rning\goodbreak
   \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip\enspace}%
   \ifdim\refindent<\wd0\relax
      \message{|\string\refno: reference `#1' is wider than
               you pretended in using \startrefid.}%
   \fi
   \hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
   \noindent\kern\refindent\llap{#1\unskip\enspace}\ignorespaces}
%
% \refmark produces entries with left-aligned marks in the margin
% successive lines are indented by \refindent
\def\refmark#1{\w@rning\goodbreak
   \setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}%
   \ifdim\refindent<\wd0\relax
      \message{|\string\refmark: reference `#1' is wider than
               you pretended in using \startrefid.}%
      \hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
      \noindent\box0\ignorespaces
   \else
      \hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
      \noindent\hbox to\refindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces
   \fi}
% \endref ends the bibliography and restores normal print size
\def\endref{\goodbreak\endpet\egroup}
\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\long\def\acknow#1{\vskip\beforeack\begpet\noindent%
  {\it \acknowledgement\/}. \ignorespaces#1\endpet}
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% APPENDICES
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\app#1{\goodbreak\vskip\beforeapp\noindent%
 {\bf \appendix\ #1}\par\nobreak\vskip\afterappt\noindent\ignorespaces}
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\noteadded{\goodbreak\vskip\beforeapp\noindent%
  {\bf \noteadd\ }\par\nobreak\vskip\afterappt\noindent\ignorespaces}
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% POSTAL ADDRESS
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\bpostadd{\vskip\beforeapp\bgroup\petit\bgroup\obeylines%
        \parindent=0pt}
\def\epostadd{\egroup\par\egroup}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% MISC.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\let\ts=\thinspace
\let\,=\thinspace
\newlinechar=`\| % line break for TeX messages at the screen
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% FOOTNOTES
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% general macros
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       footnote as in plain:
\catcode`\@= 11
\newinsert\footins
\def\footnotea#1{\let\@sf\empty % parameter #2 (the text) is read later
  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
  #1\@sf\vfootnote{#1}}
%       changed:the footnote gets her own footfont,
%       so the subscript in the text remains in the
%       current size (of course this size needs a
%       font definition for \scriptfont1 ):
\def\vfootnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup\footfont\hsize=\colhsize
  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
  \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip
  \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
  \textindent{#1}\footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t}
\def\fo@t{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\f@@t
  \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
\def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
\def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}
\def\footstrut{\vbox to\splittopskip{}}
\skip\footins=\bigskipamount % space added when footnote is present
\count\footins=1000 % footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
\dimen\footins=8in % maximum footnotes per page
%
%----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%% general footnote layout:
%
\def\begfo#1{\bgroup
                  \def\textindent##1{%
                  \noindent\hbox to\footindent{\hss##1\enspace}%
                  \ignorespaces}%
                  \footnotea{$^{#1}$}\bgroup}
\def\endfo{\egroup\egroup}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%% handling the counter:
%
\newcount\stars \stars=0
\def\morestars{\global\advance\stars by1\relax}%
\newcount\footcnt \footcnt=0
\def\morefoots{\global\advance\footcnt by1\relax}%
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%% handling the asterisks:
%
\newtoks\stparam \global\stparam{}
\def\checkstars{\morestars%
  \ifcase\stars\global\stparam={}%
  \or\global\stparam{{\star}}%
  \or\global\stparam{{\star\star}}%
  \or\global\stparam{{\star\star\star}}%
  \else%
  \message{more than three stars are not available|}%
  \fi
}%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%      automatic numbered footnote, scriptsize in petit:
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\fonote#1{\morefoots\begfo{\the\footcnt}\ignorespaces #1\endfo}%
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%      automatic footnote numbering with growing number of
%      asterisks: footnote in AUTHOR or MAIN- resp. SUBTITLE
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\FOOTNOTE#1{\checkstars
  \begfo{\the\stparam}\ignorespaces #1\endfo}%
% Present address
\def\PRESADD#1{\checkstars
  \begfo{\the\stparam}{\it\presaddhdg\/}: #1\endfo}%
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`\@=12
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% MINI ENVIRONMENTS
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%
\def\nlni{\par\vskip-\lastskip\vskip0.5\baselineskip\noindent}
%
\def\endskip{\par\vskip0.5\baselineskip\noindent}
%
\long\def\defenva#1#2#3#4%
{\expandafter\gdef\csname beg#1\endcsname##1{\nlni%
                {#2\csname #1\endcsname\ ##1} \bgroup
                \ignorespaces
                #3%
        }%
 \expandafter\gdef\csname #1\endcsname{#4}%
 \expandafter\gdef\csname end#1\endcsname{\egroup\endskip}%
}
% Call this macro to build mini environments; the
% meaning of the parameters is:
% 1 basename of the environment. If we use lemma that
%   results in the definition of three macros:
%   \beglemma (Beginning; one parameter)
%   \endlemma (End; no parameter)
%   \lemma  (Contains the text of paramter #4)
% 2 add that at the beginning of the first group (where
%   first argument is called)
% 3 add that at the beginning of the second group (text)
%
%
% Evaluation beg-macro: \nlni{#2 #4\ }\bgroup #3
% Evaluation end-macro: \egroup\endskip
%
%%%
% Difference: Begin macro defined by \defenvb needs no
% argument:     \begclaim ... \endclaim but
%               \beglemma{3.2} ... \endlemma
%
\long\def\defenvb#1#2#3#4%
{\expandafter\gdef\csname beg#1\endcsname{\nlni%
                {#2\csname #1\endcsname} \bgroup
                \noindent\ignorespaces
                #3%
        }%
 \expandafter\gdef\csname #1\endcsname{#4}%
 \expandafter\gdef\csname end#1\endcsname{\egroup\endskip}%
}
%
\defenva{corollary}{\bf }{\it }{Corollary}
\defenva{lemma}{\bf }{\it }{Lemma}
\defenva{property}{\bf }{\it }{Property}
\defenva{theorem}{\bf }{\it }{Theorem}
\defenva{conjecture}{\it }{\rm }{Conjecture}
\defenva{definition}{\it }{\rm }{Definition}
\defenva{example}{\it }{\rm }{Example}
\defenva{exercise}{\it }{\rm }{Exercise}
\defenvb{claim}{\it }{\rm }{Claim}
\defenvb{note}{\it }{\rm }{Note}
\defenvb{proof}{\it }{\rm }{Proof}
\defenvb{remark}{\it }{\rm }{Remark}
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%
\catcode`\@=\active
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% THE END
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%  to identify user defined special-char macros:
%
\newcount\specct
\specct=1
\newtoks\ttmp \newtoks\empty
\def\mk#1{\global\ttmp={#1}}
\mk{\csname special\romannumeral\specct\endcsname}
\def\checkspec{%
  \loop
  \smallskip%
  \if\the\ttmp\empty\else
  \noindent special character No\number\specct: \the\ttmp
  \fi
  \advance\specct by 1%
  \mk{\csname special\romannumeral\specct\endcsname}
% \expandafter\if\the\ttmp\empty%    !
  \if\the\ttmp\empty
  \let\ENDD=Y\else\let\ENDD=N\fi%
  \ifx N\ENDD\repeat
  }
%
%-------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% PAGE NUMBERING AND "RUNNING HEAD"
%-------------------------------------------------------
%
\nopagenumbers
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% left part of the headline:
\def\mshead{%
 \vbox{\hrule%
       \line{\vrule\kern3pt%
             \vbox{\rightskip=0pt plus3em\advance\hsize by-7pt%
                   \hrule height0pt depth0pt width\hsize
                   \kern3pt%
                   \hbox{\bf \SprJLogoname\ Manuskript-Nr.}%
                   \hbox{(will be inserted by hand later)}%
                   \kern3pt\hrule\kern3pt%
                   \hbox{\bf Your thesaurus codes are:}%
                   \hbox{\bf\ignorespaces%
                         \the\THESAURUS\hfill}
                   \kern3pt}%
             \hfil\kern3pt\vrule}%
       \hrule}%
}%
%%%%%%% headline:
\newdimen\hdlsav
\def\paglay{%
  \headline={\tenpoint
    \ifnum\pageno=1%
        \hsize=.75\fullhsize%
        \mshead%
        \hsize=\fullhsize%
        \hfil
        % THS: Your thesaurus codes are etc. cf. aa.dra
        \llap{\quad\SprJLogo}%
    \else%
      \petit
      % THS genb was: \ifodd\pageno\rightheadline\hfil\folio
      % THS genb was: \else\folio\hfil\leftheadline%
        \ifodd\pageno\hfil\folio\else\folio\hfil\fi
    \fi%
  }%
%\noindent iiii
%\hdlsav =\ht\headline
}
% THS: aa.dra:::???
\ifx \undefined\instruct
  \headline={\tenrm\ifodd\pageno\hfil\folio
  \else\folio\hfil\fi}\fi
% EOF ???
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% HEADERS
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       1st order headlines without automatic numbering.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\aSa{\bgroup\par\sxtntipoint
    \rightskip=0pt plus6em\spaceskip=.3333em \xspaceskip=.5em
    \pretolerance=10000
    \noindent}
\def\eSa{\vskip\defaultbase
    \egroup
    \noindent
    \ignorespaces}
%%
\def\aTa{\bgroup\par\sxtnbfpoint
    \rightskip=0pt plus6em\spaceskip=.3333em \xspaceskip=.5em
    \pretolerance=10000
    \noindent}
\def\eTa{\vskip\defaultbase
    \egroup
    \noindent
    \ignorespaces}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% 2nd order headlines without automatic numbering.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\def\aTb{\bgroup\twlfbfpoint
    \raggedright
    \pretolerance=10000
    \noindent}
\def\eTb{\vskip\defaultbase
    \egroup
    \noindent
    \ignorespaces}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% HEADERS WITH AUTOMATIC NUMBERING
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
% changed at character ("@") to key character for affiliations
% while title page is active (used in AUTHOR and INSTITUTE)
\catcode`\@=11
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% preparations:
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%       register definitions for headlines:
%
%%%%%%  counter:
\newcount\c@Ta \newcount\c@Tb \newcount\c@Tc
\newcount\c@Td \newcount\c@Te \newcount\c@Tf
%%%%%%  skip before headline:
\newskip\bv@Ta \newskip\bv@Tb \newskip\bv@Tc
\newskip\bv@Td \newskip\bv@Te \newskip\bv@Tf
%%%%%%  skip after headline:
\newskip\av@Ta \newskip\av@Tb \newskip\av@Tc
\newskip\av@Td \newskip\av@Te \newskip\av@Tf
%%%%%%  skip back if headline before:
\newskip\mv@Ta \newskip\mv@Tb \newskip\mv@Tc
\newskip\mv@Td \newskip\mv@Te \newskip\mv@Tf
%
%       try 04.05.90:
%
\newtoks\curhd
\curhd={z}
%
%       macros for setting/resetting these registers:
%
\def\sethds#1#2#3#4#5{\resetcount{#1}%
  \global\csname bv@T#1\endcsname = #2%   vskip before header
  \global\csname av@T#1\endcsname = #3%   vskip after header
  \global\csname mv@T#1\endcsname = #4%   minus vskip if hdr before
  \global\expandafter\def\csname set#1\endcsname{#5}
}
%
\def\resetcount#1{\global\csname c@T#1\endcsname=0}
\def\@nameuse#1{\csname #1\endcsname}
\def\arabic#1{\@arabic{\@nameuse{c@T#1}}}
\def\@arabic#1{\ifnum #1>0 \number #1\fi}
%
\def\stepc#1{\global\expandafter
    \advance\csname c@T#1\endcsname by 1}
%
%       automatic generation of header-nrs:
%
\newtoks\befor\newtoks\after
\newtoks\hdnr
%
\def\getba#1{%
\if #1a%
  \global\befor={y}\global\after={b}
  \global\hdnr={\arabic{a}.\ }
\else\if #1b%
  \global\befor={a}\global\after={c}
  \global\hdnr={\arabic{a}.\arabic{b}.\ }
\else\if #1c%
  \global\befor={b}\global\after={d}
  \global\hdnr={\arabic{a}.\arabic{b}.\arabic{c}.\ }
\else\if #1d%
  \global\befor={c}\global\after={e}
  \global\hdnr={}
\else\if #1e%
  \global\befor={c}\global\after={f}
  \global\hdnr={}
\else\if #1f%
  \global\befor={c}\global\after={x}
  \global\hdnr={}
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% the macro to generate headers
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%
\newbox\hdbox
\newskip\skipone
\newdimen\paght
%
%%%%%%  temporary redefinition of \par
\def\ignorepar{%
        \parindent=0pt%
        \def\par{\ifvmode\else\endgraf\fi\let\par=\endgraf
        \parindent=\defaultparindent
        % try 4.5:
        \global\curhd={z}
        }}
%       \fi}}
%
%%%%%%  check if headline fits on current page
%
\gdef\checkpagb#1#2#3#4{%
  \paght=\pagetotal
  \global\setbox\hdbox=\vbox{%
      \csname set#1\endcsname%          initializing header
      \noindent
      #2%                               number
      \ignorespaces #3%         text
     }%
   \advance\paght by -\pageshrink
   \ifdim\paght>\pagegoal
   \else \paght=\pagetotal\advance\paght by \pagestretch
    \ifdim\paght<\pagegoal
      \paght=\pagetotal
      \advance\paght by \csname bv@T#1\endcsname
          \advance\paght by\ht\hdbox%
          \advance\paght by\csname av@T#1\endcsname
          \advance\paght by#4%          remaining lines on page
          \ifdim\paght > \pagegoal%
%       \expandafter\expandafter\if\the\befor\the\curhd  % !
        \if\the\befor\the\curhd
%         \expandafter\if\the\befor y\vfill\eject \else  % !
          \if\the\befor y\vfill\eject \else
              \nobreak  %new
          \fi %new
        \else
            \vfill\eject
        \fi     %new
      \fi
     \fi
   \fi
}%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`\@=12
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%  the main macro:
%
\def\makehead#1#2#3{%
  \ifvmode\else\par\fi
  \skipone=\lastskip%\unskip%   store lastskip
  \getba{#1}%                   get: higher/lower level and number
  \stepc{#1}%                   raise counter
% \expandafter\if \the\after x\else % !
  \if \the\after x\else
    \resetcount{\the\after}%    reset lower level
  \fi
%                               back skip if headline before:
        %       try 4.5:
%   \expandafter\expandafter\if\the\befor\the\curhd      % !
    \if\the\befor\the\curhd
      \nobreak\vskip\csname mv@T#1\endcsname
    \else \fi
%                               check remaining space on page
%                               and store headline to hdbox:
  \checkpagb{#1}{\the\hdnr}{#2}{#3}%
% \expandafter\expandafter\if\the\befor\the\curhd % !
  \if\the\befor\the\curhd
  \nobreak\vskip\csname bv@T#1\endcsname \else
  \vskip\csname bv@T#1\endcsname%       skip before header
  \fi
  \nobreak
  \bgroup
  \nobreak\unvbox\hdbox%                                hdbox out
  \egroup\nobreak%
          \vskip\csname av@T#1\endcsname% skip after header
  \ignorepar
   \global\curhd={#1}
  \ignorespaces%
}%
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% definition of 3 orders of headlines:
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%
\sethds{a}{2\defaultbase}{\defaultbase}{-2\defaultbase}%
        {\tenbfpoint \rightskip 0pt plus4em%
         \pretolerance=20000%
        }%
\sethds{b}{2\defaultbase}%
        {\defaultbase}{-2\defaultbase}%
        {\basesize\raggedright \pretolerance=10000\it}%
%
\sethds{c}{2\defaultbase}%
        {\defaultbase}{-2\defaultbase}%
        {\basesize\raggedright\pretolerance=10000}%
%
%\def\titlea#1{\makehead{a}{#1}{4\baselineskip}}%   !
%\def\titleb#1{\makehead{b}{#1}{3\baselineskip}}%
%\def\titlec#1{\makehead{c}{#1}{2\baselineskip}}%
\def\titlea#1{\makehead{a}{#1}{3\baselineskip}}%
\def\titleb#1{\makehead{b}{#1}{2\baselineskip}}%
\def\titlec#1{\makehead{c}{#1}{\baselineskip}}%
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% HEADERS WITHOUT AUTOMATIC NUMBERING
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%  the main macro:
%
\def\makeuhead#1#2#3{%
  \ifvmode\else\par\fi
  \skipone=\lastskip%\unskip%   store lastskip
%                               back skip if headline before:
  \getba{#1}
% \expandafter\if \the\befor x\else % !
  \if \the\befor x\else
%    \expandafter\expandafter\if\the\befor\the\curhd % !
     \if\the\befor\the\curhd
    %\ifdim\skipone=\csname av@T\the\befor\endcsname
      \vskip\csname mv@T#1\endcsname
    \else \fi
  \fi
%                               check remaining space on page
%                               and store headline to hdbox:
  \checkpagb{#1}{}{#2}{#3}%
  \vskip\csname bv@T#1\endcsname%       skip before header
  \bgroup
  \box\hdbox%                           hdbox out
  \egroup\nobreak%
          \vskip\csname av@T#1\endcsname% skip after header
  \ignorepar
  \global\curhd={#1}
  \ignorespaces%
}%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% and here the definition of the 3 orders unnumbered:
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%
\def\utitlea#1{\makeuhead{a}{#1}{4\baselineskip}}%
\def\utitleb#1{\makeuhead{b}{#1}{3\baselineskip}}%
\def\utitlec#1{\makeuhead{c}{#1}{2\baselineskip}}%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% (possible remaining orders: use shoulder headers)
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% SHOULDER HEADINGS
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\sethds{d}{\baselineskip}{0pt}{-\baselineskip}%
        {}%
\sethds{e}{\baselineskip}{0pt}{-\baselineskip}%
        {}%
\sethds{f}{\baselineskip}{0pt}{-\baselineskip}%
        {}%
\def\makeush#1#2{%
  \ifvmode\else\par\fi
  \skipone=\lastskip%\unskip%   store lastskip
%                               back skip if headline before:
  \getba{#1}
% \expandafter\if \the\befor x\else % !
  \if \the\befor x\else
%       \expandafter\expandafter\if\the\befor\the\curhd  % !
        \if\the\befor\the\curhd
%    \ifdim\skipone=\csname av@T\the\befor\endcsname
      \vskip\csname mv@T#1\endcsname
    \else \fi
  \fi
  \global\curhd={#1}
  \vskip\csname bv@T#1\endcsname%       skip before header
  \noindent#2\ \ignorespaces%
}%
\def\utitled#1{\makeush{d}{{\bf #1}}}%
\def\utitlee#1{\makeush{e}{{\it #1}}}%
\def\utitlef#1{\makeush{f}{{\rm #1}}}%
%
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% TITLE PAGE
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% declaration of variables for automatic title page
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\newtoks\REFEREE
\newtoks\DATE
\newtoks\HEADNOTE
\newtoks\MAINTITLE
\newtoks\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD
\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD={ ????? }%
\newtoks\SUBTITLE
\SUBTITLE={ ????? }%
\newtoks\AUTHOR
\newtoks\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD
\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD={ ????? }%
\newtoks\INSTITUTE
\newtoks\SUMMARY
\newtoks\KEYWORDS
\KEYWORDS={ ????? }%
\newtoks\PACS
\PACS={ ????? }%
\newtoks\SUBCLASS
\SUBCLASS={ ????? }%
\newtoks\THESAURUS
\THESAURUS={ ????? }%
\newtoks\MAIL
\MAIL={ ????? }%
\newtoks\TRANSTITLE
\TRANSTITLE={ ????? }%
\newtoks\TRANSSUM
\newtoks\TRANSKEY
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% REFEREE:
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\newbox\refereebox
\setbox\refereebox=\vbox to0pt{\vskip0.5cm%
  \fullline{\hrulefill\tentt\lower0.5ex
        \hbox{\kern5pt referee's copy\kern5pt}\hrulefill}\vss}%
%
\global\let\REFEREE=N
\def\refereelayout{%
\global\let\REFEREE=Y}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% general macros:
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%
%%%%%%  Messages:
%
\def\missmsg#1{\message{Missing #1 |}}
\def\ilgmsg#1{\message{Your #1 is too long to be used|%
as the running head|}}
\def\iilgmsg{\message{please supply a shorter form}}
\def\optmsg#1{\message{#1 is optional|}}
\def\subtoks#1{#1 suppressed due to excessive length}
%%
%%
%
%%      test if missing:
%
\def\tstmiss#1#2#3#4#5{%
\edef\test{\the #1}%
\ifx\test\missing%
  #2\relax%             message
  #3%                   action if missing
\else
  \ifx\test\missingi%
    #2\relax%           message
    #3%                 action if missing
  \else #4%             action if existing
\fi\fi
#5%                     action at any rate
}%
%
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% main macro for automatic title page: \maketitle
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`\@= \active
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\newskip\headlskip
\def\maketitle{\paglay%
\hsize=\fullhsize
\smallskipamount=3pt
\medskipamount=6pt
\bigskipamount=12pt
\parskip=0pt
\hbox{}%
\vskip\beforemain
\hbox{}%
\def\missing{ ????? }% pattern for identifying empty fields
\def\missingi{}% pattern for identifying empty fields
%
% To test an empty field compare variable with \missing=" ????? ".
% \edef\test{\the\VARIABLE} enables variable for comparing
% \ifx\test = \missing      variable contains text: " ????? " ?
% ! action if variable equal to \missing: nothing entered !
% \else ! text entered ! \fi
%
%
%____________ MAIL (formerly SENDOFF) ______________
\tstmiss
  {\MAIL}%
  {}%
  {}%
  {{\def\textindent##1{\noindent\ignorespaces}%
    \vfootnote{}{{\it \mail\/}:
    \ignorespaces\the\MAIL}}}%
  {}%
%
%____________ HEADNOTE ______________________________
\tstmiss%
  {\HEADNOTE}%
  {}%
  {}%
  {\aSa\ignorespaces\the\HEADNOTE\eSa}%
  {}%
%____________ MAINTITLE ______________________________
\let\RHEAD=N%   % MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD set?
\tstmiss%
  {\MAINTITLE}%
  {\missmsg{MAINTITLE}}%
  {\global\MAINTITLE={MAINTITLE should be given}}%
  {}%
  {%             write MAINTITLE:
   \aTa\ignorespaces\the\MAINTITLE\eTa%
%                make MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD:
%                take away \newline and footnotes
   \def\newline{ }%
   \gdef\FOOTNOTE##1{}%
%                test if specific MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD:
   \tstmiss%
     {\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}%
     {}%
     {\global\let\RHEAD=N}%
     {\global\MAINTITLE={\the\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}%
      \global\let\RHEAD=Y}%
     {}%
%       test if MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD's too long:
   \setbox0=\hbox{\petit\kern1.5cm\ignorespaces
     \the\MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD\unskip}%
   \ifdim\wd0>\hsize
     \if N\RHEAD%
       \ilgmsg{MAINTITLE}\message{please supply a short form %
         in MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD|}%
       \xdef\rightheadline{\subtoks{MAINTITLE}}%
     \else
       \ilgmsg{MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}\iilgmsg
       \xdef\rightheadline{\subtoks{MAINTITLERUNNINGHEAD}}%
     \fi
   \else
     \edef\temp{\ignorespaces\the\MAINTITLE\unskip}%
     \xdef\rightheadline{\temp}%
   \fi}%
%
\def\newline{\hfil\break}%
\def\FOOTNOTE##1{\checkstars
  \begfo{\the\stparam}\ignorespaces ##1\endfo}%
%
%____________ SUBTITLE ______________________________
\tstmiss%
  {\SUBTITLE}%
  {\optmsg{SUBTITLE}}%
  {}%
  {\aTb\ignorespaces\the\SUBTITLE\eTb}%
  {}%
%
%____________ THESAURUS ______________________________
\ifcase \thesob% 0
  \tstmiss%
    {\THESAURUS}%
    {}%
    {\global\THESAURUS={not necessary}}%
    {}%
    {}%
\or% 1
  \tstmiss%
    {\THESAURUS}%
    {}%
    {\global\THESAURUS={missing; you have not inserted them}}%
    {}%
    {}%
\or% 2
  \gdef\mshead{\vbox to\theshd{\hbox to \hsize{\hfill}\vfill}}%
\fi
%
%____________ AUTHOR ______________________________
\tstmiss%
 {\AUTHOR}%
 {\missmsg{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s)}}%
 {\global\AUTHOR={Name(s) and initial(s) of
 author(s) should be given}}%
 {}%
 {%     write AUTHOR:
  \gdef@##1{$^{##1}$}%
  \basesize\noindent{\rightskip=0ptplus3cm\ignorespaces
  \the\AUTHOR\vskip\afterauthor}%
%
   \def\newline{ }%
   \gdef\FOOTNOTE##1{}%
  %     make AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD:
  %     remove adresses:
  \tstmiss%
    {\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD}%
    {}%
    {\gdef@##1{}\gdef\PRESADD##1{}%
     \edef\temp{\ignorespaces\the\AUTHOR\unskip}%
        \xdef\leftheadline{\temp}%
    }%
    {\xdef\leftheadline{\ignorespaces\the\AUTHORRUNNINGHEAD%
     \unskip}%
    }%
    {}%
 }%
%
\def\newline{\hfil\break}%
\def\FOOTNOTE##1{\checkstars
  \begfo{\the\stparam}\ignorespaces ##1\endfo}%
%
%____________ INSTITUTE ______________________________
\tstmiss%
  {\INSTITUTE}
  {\missmsg{Address(es) of author(s)}}%
  {\global\INSTITUTE={Address(es) of author(s) should be given.}}%
  {}%
  {\gdef@##1{\endgraf
   \noindent\hbox to0.5\defaultparindent{$^{##1}$\hfil}\ignorespaces}%
   \bgroup\petit\noindent\ignorespaces\the\INSTITUTE%
   \vskip\afterinst\egroup%
  }%
%
%____________ DATE OF RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE________
%
\tstmiss%
  {\DATE}%
  {\message{The date of receipt and acceptance
  should be inserted later|}}%
  {\global\DATE={{\petit $[$the date of receipt and acceptance
                  should be inserted later$]$}}}%
  {}%
  {\begpet\unskip\noindent\ignorespaces
  \the\DATE\endpet\unskip}%
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%       test if top matter is lower than the predefined value:
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\basesize\hsize=\colhsize
%       to get the correct reference height:
\vskip2\defaultbase
%%changed from: \phantom{Sg}
\setbox0=\hbox{S}
\noindent\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 width 0pt depth0pt}\par
%
\global\advance\realhead by \bumarkskip
%THS added 4 17 90 fullheadstuff
\ifnum\pageno=1
        \fullhead = \pagetotal
        \advance\fullhead by-\defaultbase
        \ifdim\fullhead<\realhead
                \global\headlskip=\realhead
                \global\advance\headlskip by -\fullhead%
                \global\fullhead=\realhead
                \global\let\bigsav\bigskip
                \gdef\bigskip{}% to avoid TeX's standard bigskip
                               % after topinsert
                \topinsert\vbox{\vskip\headlskip%       "vfill"
                               }\endinsert
                \global\let\bigskip\bigsav
        \else
                \global\headlskip=0pt
                \global\let\bigsav\bigskip
                \gdef\bigskip{}% to avoid TeX's standard bigskip
                               % after topinsert
                \topinsert\vbox{\vskip\headlskip%       "vfill"
                               }\endinsert
                \global\let\bigskip\bigsav
        \fi
\fi
\global\advance\fullhead by 10pt%%changed from: \topskip; fixed value!
\global\advance\fullhead by \lineskip
\vskip-\defaultbase
%
%____________ SUMMARY ______________________________
\tstmiss%
  {\SUMMARY}%
  {\missmsg{Summary}}%
  {\global\SUMMARY={Not yet supplied.}}%
  {}%
  {\bgroup\noindent
  \if\summary\empty\else
     {\bf \summary. }%
  \fi
  \ignorespaces
  \the\SUMMARY\endgraf\egroup%
  }%
%
%____________ KEYWORDS ______________________________
\ifcase \keyob% 0
  \tstmiss%
    {\KEYWORDS}
    {}%
    {}%
    {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
     {\bf\keyhdg: }\ignorespaces\the\KEYWORDS\endgraf
    }%
    {}%
  \or% 1
    \tstmiss%
      {\KEYWORDS}%
      {\missmsg{Keywords}}%
      {}%
      {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
       {\bf\keyhdg: }\ignorespaces\the\KEYWORDS\endgraf
      }%
      {}%
  \or% 2
    \tstmiss%
      {\KEYWORDS}%
      {\missmsg{Keywords}}%
      {}%
      {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
       {\bf\keyhdg: }\ignorespaces\the\KEYWORDS\endgraf
      }%
      {}%
%____________ SUBCLASS ______________________________
     \tstmiss%
       {\SUBCLASS}%
       {\missmsg{Subject Classifications}}%
       {}%
       {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
        {\bf CR Subject Classifications:
        }\ignorespaces\the\SUBCLASS\endgraf
       }%
       {}%
  \or% 3
%____________ PACS ______________________________
     \tstmiss%
       {\PACS}%
       {\missmsg{PACS}}%
       {}%
       {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
        {\bf PACS: }\ignorespaces\the\PACS\endgraf
       }%
       {}%
  \or% 4
     \tstmiss%
       {\PACS}%
       {}%
       {}%
       {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
        {\bf PACS: }\ignorespaces\the\PACS\endgraf
       }%
       {}%
%
\fi
%
\par
\global\stars=0
%%
\tstmiss%
  {\TRANSTITLE}
  {}%
  {}%
  {\vskip\defaultbase\endgraf\noindent\bgroup\leftskip=0cc%
     {\bf\ignorespaces\the\TRANSTITLE}%
     \endgraf\egroup%
  }%
  {}%
%
\tstmiss%
  {\TRANSSUM}%
  {}%
  {}%
  {\vskip\defaultbase\endgraf\noindent\bgroup\leftskip=0cc%
   \if\summary\empty\else
      {\bf \transsummary.\ }%
   \fi
   \ignorespaces
   \the\TRANSSUM\endgraf\egroup
  }%
  {}
%%%%%%%%% TRANSLATED KEYWORDS
  \tstmiss%
    {\TRANSKEY}%
    {}%
    {}%
    {\vskip\beforekey\endgraf\noindent\hangindent=0cc\hangafter=0%
     {\bf\transkeyhdg: }\ignorespaces\the\TRANSKEY\endgraf
    }%
    {}%
%
\vskip 10dd plus 6pt minus 4pt
\hrule width \colhsize
\vskip 10dd plus 6pt minus 4pt
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%% REFEREE
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\if Y\REFEREE
\message{A referee's copy will be produced|}
\footline={\copy\refereebox}%
\normalbaselineskip=2\normalbaselineskip
\normallineskip=2\normallineskip\normalbaselines
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\catcode`\@=12%  "@" set back to normal character.
\global\curhd={y}
\vskip2\defaultbase
%
\gdef\nignorepar{%
        \parindent=0pt%
        \gdef\par{\ifvmode\else\endgraf\let\par=\endgraf
        \parindent=\defaultparindent
        \global\curhd={z}
        \fi}}
\nignorepar
%
\smallskipamount=3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
\medskipamount=6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
\bigskipamount=12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
\parskip=0pt plus 1pt
%
\let\FOOTNOTE=\undefined
}% end of \maketitle and group of "@":
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
\newbox\springerMacro
\setbox\springerMacro=\vbox{\begpet\noindent
This article was processed using Springer-Verlag \TeX\ \SprJLogoname\
macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American
Mathematical Society.\endpet}%
%%%%%   Definition of \bye:
\outer\def\bye{%
        \typeset\bigskip
%                       the list of user defined char-macros:
  \checkspec
  \if R\lr\null\fi
  \vfill\supereject\end}
%
\basesize
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Springer macro file: Part %M% Version %I% (%G%) EDS
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
% AA.FIX (OUTPUTLR.TEX modified for Astronomy & Astrophysics)
%
%%%
%%% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%
%%% Author: Konrad Bernl”hr         (C) 1990
%%%         (with ideas from the TeX Book and from LATEX.TEX)
%%%
%%% This file gives plain TeX the ability of single and double
%%% column output with floating insertions at the top which span
%%% both columns in double column format.
%%% The default format is double column format. Switching between
%%% single and double column format is provided but inserts
%%% an immediate page break and ejects all floating insertions.
%%% Double column floating insertions defined in text in a
%%% right column are held back until the beginning of the next page.
%%%
%%% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%
%%% Macros which the user should know about:
%%%
%%% \setuplr#1#2#3   : Should be called before any output
%%%                    #1 = O (one column) or T (two columns,default)
%%%                    #2 <dimen> = text width (both columns)
%%%                    #3 <dimen> = column width
%%%
%%% \newpage         : Fill a whole page and start a new one
%%% \newcolumn       : Start a new column
%%% \onecolumn       : Break the current page and switch to one column
%%% \twocolumns      : Break the current page and switch to two columns
%%%
%%% \bothtopinsert   : Beginning of a floating insertion over the
%%%                    full text width
%%% \endbothinsert   : End of such an insertion (analog to \endinsert)
%%% \specialpage     : Insert a special page following the current page
%%%
%%% All macros with a '@' in their names are for internal usage only.
%%%
%%% Modified macros for A&A:
%%%    \output \typeset \refereelayout
%%%    \titlea \titleb \titlec \titled
%%%    \begref \ref \endref \ack \app \figure
%%%    \begfig \begfigwid \begtab \begtabfullwid \begtabemptywid
%%% Original A&A macros using one of the modified macros:
%%%    \bye (\typeset)
%%% New macros for A&A:
%%%    \begfigpage \begtabempty \begtabfull \begtabpage
%%%    \puthere \putattop \putatbottom
%%%
%%% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%
\catcode`@=11    % use @ as a normal character
%
\newdimen\@txtwd  \@txtwd=\hsize
\newdimen\@txtht  \@txtht=\vsize
\newdimen\@colht  \@colht=\vsize
\newdimen\@colwd  \@colwd=-1pt
\newdimen\@colsavwd
%%%
%%% =========== Macros for initializing the whole thing ==========
%%%
\newcount\in@t \in@t=0
\def\initlr{\if N\lr \ifdim\@colwd<0pt \global\@colwd=\hsize \fi
   \else\global\let\lr=L\ifdim\@colwd<0pt \global\@colwd=\hsize
      \global\divide\@colwd\tw@ \global\advance\@colwd by -10pt
   \fi\fi\global\advance\in@t by 1}
\def\setuplr#1#2#3{\let\lr=O \ifx#1\lr\global\let\lr=N
      \else\global\let\lr=L\fi
   \@txtht=\vsize \@colht=\vsize \@txtwd=#2 \@colwd=#3
   \if N\lr \else\multiply\@colwd\tw@ \fi
   \ifdim\@colwd>\@txtwd\if N\lr
        \errmessage{The text width is less than the column width}
      \else
        \errmessage{The text width is less the two
        times the column width}
      \fi \global\@colwd=\@txtwd
      \if N\lr\divide\@colwd by 2\fi
   \else \global\@colwd=#3 \fi \initlr \@colsavwd=#3
   \global\@insmx=\@txtht
   \global\hsize=\@colwd}
%% ----------- switching between one and two column output ------
\def\twocolumns{\@fillpage\eject\global\let\lr=L \@makecolht
   \global\@colwd=\@colsavwd \global\hsize=\@colwd}
\def\onecolumn{\@fillpage\eject\global\let\lr=N \@makecolht
   \global\@colwd=\@txtwd \global\hsize=\@colwd}
\def\newpage{\@fillpage\eject}
\def\@fillpage{\vfill\supereject\if R\lr \null\vfill\eject\fi}
\def\newcolumn{\vfill\supereject}
%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
%%%
%%% =============== Macros used by the output routine ===============
%%%
\newbox\@leftcolumn
\newbox\@rightcolumn
\newbox\@outputbox
\newbox\@tempboxa
\newbox\@keepboxa
\newbox\@keepboxb
\newbox\@bothcolumns
\newbox\@savetopins
\newbox\@savetopright
\newcount\verybad \verybad=1010
%% -------- \@makecolumn puts the current column in a box ---------
\def\@makecolumn{\ifnum \in@t<1\initlr\fi
   \ifnum\outputpenalty=\the\verybad1  %%% i.e. 10101 if \verybad=1010
      \if L\lr\else\advance\pageno by1\fi
      \message{Warning: There is a 'widow' line
      at the top of page \the\pageno\if R\lr (left)\fi.
      This is unacceptable.} \if L\lr\else\advance\pageno by-1\fi \fi
   \ifnum\outputpenalty=\the\verybad2
      \message{Warning: There is a 'club' line
      at the bottom of page \the\pageno\if L\lr(left)\fi.
      This is unacceptable.} \fi
   \if L\lr \ifvoid\@savetopins\else\@colht=\@txtht\fi \fi
   \if R\lr \ifvoid\@bothcolumns \ifvoid\@savetopright
       \else\@colht=\@txtht\fi\fi\fi
   \global\setbox\@outputbox
   \vbox to\@colht{\boxmaxdepth\maxdepth
   % One-column top insertions are held back if there is already a
   % two-column floating insertion and the one-column top insertion
   % doesn't fit entirely in the column.
   \if L\lr \ifvoid\@savetopins\else\unvbox\@savetopins\fi \fi
   \if R\lr \ifvoid\@bothcolumns \ifvoid\@savetopright\else
       \unvbox\@savetopright\fi\fi\fi
   \ifvoid\topins\else\ifnum\count\topins>0
         \ifdim\ht\topins>\@colht
            \message{|Error: Too many or too large single column
            box(es) on this page.}\fi
         \unvbox\topins
      \else
         \global\setbox\@savetopins=\vbox{\ifvoid\@savetopins\else
         \unvbox\@savetopins\penalty-500\fi \unvbox\topins} \fi\fi
   \dimen@=\dp\@cclv \unvbox\@cclv % open up \box255
   \ifvoid\bottomins\else\unvbox\bottomins\fi
   \ifvoid\footins\else % footnote info is present
     \vskip\skip\footins
     \footnoterule
     \unvbox\footins\fi
   \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
}
%% --------- \@outputpage puts the columns and the top insertions
%% --------- together and puts them out
\def\@outputpage{\@dooutput{\lr}}
\def\@colbox#1{\hbox to\@colwd{\box#1\hss}}
\def\@dooutput#1{\global\topskip=\defaulttopskip
  \ifdim\ht\@bothcolumns>\@txtht
    \if #1N
       \unvbox\@outputbox
    \else
       \unvbox\@leftcolumn\unvbox\@outputbox
    \fi
    \global\setbox\@tempboxa\vbox{\hsize=\@txtwd\makeheadline
       \vsplit\@bothcolumns to\@txtht
       \makefootline\hsize=\@colwd}
    \message{|Error: Too many double column boxes on this page.}
    \shipout\box\@tempboxa\advancepageno
    \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty
  \else
    \global\setbox\@tempboxa\vbox{\hsize=\@txtwd\makeheadline
       \ifvoid\@bothcolumns\else\unvbox\@bothcolumns\fi
       \hsize=\@colwd
       \if #1N
          \hbox to\@txtwd{\@colbox{\@outputbox}\hfil}
       \else
          \hbox to\@txtwd{\@colbox{\@leftcolumn}\hfil
          \@colbox{\@outputbox}}
       \fi
       \hsize=\@txtwd\makefootline\hsize=\@colwd}
    \shipout\box\@tempboxa\advancepageno
  \fi
  \ifnum \special@pages>0 \s@count=100 \page@command
      \xdef\page@command{} \global\special@pages=0 \fi
  }
%% -------- \balance@right@left balances the columns on the last
%% -------- page of text.
\def\balance@right@left{\dimen@=\ht\@leftcolumn
    \advance\dimen@ by\ht\@outputbox
    \advance\dimen@ by\ht\springerMacro
    \dimen2=\z@ \global\the@end=0
    % put both columns together and compensate \vfill at the end
    \ifdim\dimen@>70pt\setbox\z@=\vbox{\unvbox\@leftcolumn
          \unvbox\@outputbox}
       \loop
          \dimen@=\ht\z@
          \advance\dimen@ by0.5\topskip
          \advance\dimen@ by\baselineskip
          \advance\dimen@ by\ht\springerMacro
          \advance\dimen@ by\dimen2
          \divide\dimen@ by2
          \splittopskip=\topskip
          % Now split it to two parts of about the same height
          {\vbadness=10000
             \global\setbox3=\copy\z@
             \global\setbox1=\vsplit3 to \dimen@}
          \dimen1=\ht3 \advance\dimen1 by\ht\springerMacro
       \ifdim\dimen1>\ht1 \advance\dimen2 by\baselineskip\repeat
       \dimen@=\ht1
       % Restore the column boxes and adjust
       \global\setbox\@leftcolumn
          \hbox to\@colwd{\vbox to\@colht{\vbox
          to\dimen@{\unvbox1}\vfil}}
       \global\setbox\@outputbox
          \hbox to\@colwd{\vbox to\@colht{\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3
             \vfill\box\springerMacro}\vfil}}
    \else
       \setbox\@leftcolumn=\vbox{unvbox\@leftcolum\bigskip
          \box\springerMacro}
    \fi}
%
%%
%% ================== Insertion routines ======================
%%
%% This follows loosely the definition of \topins by Knuth but without
%% the need to distinguish between 3 different kinds of insertions.
%% See the TeXBook p.363.
%% Insertions in right columns are first saved in a box (\rightins)
%% and inserted to \bothins after this column has been shipped out.
%
\newinsert\bothins
\newbox\rightins
\skip\bothins=\z@skip
\count\bothins=1000
\dimen\bothins=\@txtht \advance\dimen\bothins by -\bigskipamount
\def\bothtopinsert{\par\begingroup\setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup
    \hsize=\@txtwd\parskip=0pt\par\noindent\bgroup}
\def\endbothinsert{\egroup\egroup
  \if R\lr
    \right@nsert
  \else    % L\lr or N\lr
    % If double column insertions don't fit into the current columm
    % keep them until the next page starts.
    \dimen@=\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@ by\dp\z@\advance\dimen@ by\pagetotal
    \advance\dimen@ by \bigskipamount \advance\dimen@ by \topskip
    \advance\dimen@ by\ht\topins \advance\dimen@ by\dp\topins
    \advance\dimen@ by\ht\bottomins \advance\dimen@ by\dp\bottomins
    \advance\dimen@ by\ht\@savetopins \advance\dimen@ by\dp\@savetopins
    \ifdim\dimen@>\@colht\right@nsert\else\left@nsert\fi
  \fi  \endgroup}
\def\right@nsert{\global\setbox\rightins\vbox{\ifvoid\rightins
    \else\unvbox\rightins\fi\penalty100
    \splittopskip=\topskip
    \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty200
    \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@\dp\z@
    \box\z@\nobreak\bigskip}}
\def\left@nsert{\insert\bothins{\penalty100
    \splittopskip=\topskip
    \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty200
    \box\z@\nobreak\bigskip}
    \@makecolht}
\newdimen\@insht    \@insht=\z@
\newdimen\@insmx    \@insmx=\vsize
%% -- \@makecolht computes the available height of the current column.
\def\@makecolht{\global\@colht=\@txtht \@compinsht
    \global\advance\@colht by -\@insht \global\vsize=\@colht
    \global\dimen\topins=\@colht}
\def\@compinsht{\if R\lr
       \dimen@=\ht\@bothcolumns \advance\dimen@ by\dp\@bothcolumns
       \ifvoid\@bothcolumns \advance\dimen@ by\ht\@savetopright
          \advance\dimen@ by\dp\@savetopright \fi
    \else
       \dimen@=\ht\bothins \advance\dimen@ by\dp\bothins
       \advance\dimen@ by\ht\@savetopins
       \advance\dimen@ by\dp\@savetopins
    \fi
    \ifdim\dimen@>\@insmx
       \global\@insht=\dimen@
    \else\global\@insht=\dimen@
    \fi}
\newinsert\bottomins
\skip\bottomins=\z@skip
\count\bottomins=1000
%%%
%%% Special pages to be inserted
%%%
\xdef\page@command{}
\newcount\s@count
\newcount\special@pages \special@pages=0
\def\specialpage#1{\global\advance\special@pages by1
    \global\s@count=\special@pages
    \global\advance\s@count by 100
    \global\setbox\s@count
       \vbox to\@txtht{\hsize=\@txtwd\parskip=0pt
       \par\noindent\noexpand#1\vfil}
    \xdef\page@command{\page@command
       \noexpand\global\advance\s@count by1
       \begingroup\setbox\z@\vbox{\noexpand\makeheadline
       \box\s@count\noexpand\makefootline}
       \noexpand{\shipout\box\z@}\endgroup\noexpand\advancepageno}
   }
%%%
%%%
%%% This little macro adjusts the top of figure boxes with the
%%% the top of the column. Previously they were adjusted with the
%%% the baseline of the first row in a column.
\def\@startins{\vskip \topskip\hrule height\z@
   \nobreak\vskip -\topskip\vskip3.7pt}
%%%
%%%  ==============  The main output routine ===============
%%%
%%%           The output routine was adapted to A&A
%%%
\let\retry=N
\output={\@makecolht \global\topskip=\defaulttopskip \let\retry=N
   \ifnum\count\topins>0 \ifdim\ht\topins>\@colht
       \global\count\topins=0 \global\let\retry=Y
       \unvbox\@cclv \penalty\outputpenalty \fi\fi
   \if N\retry
    \if N\lr     % this is for single column output
       \@makecolumn
       \ifnum\the@end>0
          \setbox\z@=\vbox{\unvcopy\@outputbox}
          \dimen@=\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@ by\ht\springerMacro
          \ifdim\dimen@<\@colht
             \setbox\@outputbox=\vbox to\@colht{\box\z@
             \unskip\vskip12pt plus0pt minus12pt
             \box\springerMacro\vfil}
          \else \box\springerMacro \fi
          \global\the@end=0
       \fi
       \ifvoid\bothins\else\global\setbox\@bothcolumns\box\bothins\fi
       \@outputpage
       \ifvoid\rightins\else
       %  Hold \rightins back if there is already a \@savetopins
       \ifvoid\@savetopins\insert\bothins{\unvbox\rightins}\fi
       \fi
    \else
       \if L\lr    % this is the left of two columns
          \@makecolumn
          \global\setbox\@leftcolumn\box\@outputbox \global\let\lr=R
          \ifnum\pageno=1
             \message{|[left\the\pageno]}
          \else
             \message{[left\the\pageno]} \fi
          \ifvoid\bothins\else
                           \global\setbox\@bothcolumns\box\bothins\fi
          \global\dimen\bothins=\z@
          \global\count\bothins=0
          \ifnum\pageno=1
             \global\topskip=\fullhead\fi
       \else    % the right column
          \@makecolumn
          \ifnum\the@end>0\ifnum\pageno>1\balance@right@left\fi\fi
          \@outputpage \global\let\lr=L
          \global\dimen\bothins=\maxdimen
          \global\count\bothins=1000
          \ifvoid\rightins\else
          %  Hold \rightins back if there is already a \@savetopins
             \ifvoid\@savetopins \insert\bothins{\unvbox\rightins} \fi
          \fi
       \fi
    \fi
    \global\let\last@insert=N \put@default
    \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@MM\else\dosupereject\fi
    \ifvoid\@savetopins\else
      \ifdim\ht\@savetopins>\@txtht
        \global\setbox\@tempboxa=\box\@savetopins
        \global\setbox\@savetopins=\vsplit\@tempboxa to\@txtht
        \global\setbox\@savetopins=\vbox{\unvbox\@savetopins}
        \global\setbox\@savetopright=\box\@tempboxa \fi
    \fi
    \@makecolht
    \global\count\topins=1000
   \fi
   }
%
%%% ----------  Start one- or two-column output  ---------
%
\if N\lr
   \setuplr{O}{\fullhsize}{\hsize}    % O = one column
\else
   \setuplr{T}{\fullhsize}{\hsize}    % T = two columns
\fi
%
%%%
%%% ===================================================================
%%%
%%%      The rest is specific for Astronomy & Astrophysics.
%%%      Here are macros which had to be redefined.
%%%
%%% ================================================================
%
% Figures and tables:
%
% The macros cover the case of single column format as well
% as double column format. In single column format all 'double
% column' insertions are reduced to single column insertions.
% While real double column insertions will always appear at
% the top of page, the placement of single column insertions
% can be influenced by the definition of \put@default.
% Possible positions are at the current position (only if
% \insert@here expands to Y, there is no top and no bottom insertion
% so far, and there is enough space), at the bottom of the column
% (only if \insert@at@the@bottom expands to Y and there is enough
% space in this column) and at the top of the column but below
% any double column insertion.
%
%%% =================================================================
%
% The default placement of single column figures is usually at the top.
% If the figure almost fills the page if inserted at the bottom,
% it may go there.
% changed by binding 3.12.90             Y statt N
\def\put@default{\global\let\insert@here=N
   \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N} %binding changed from Y to N
% Allow figures to be inserted a the current position (if possible):
\def\puthere{\global\let\insert@here=Y
    \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N}
% All figures are inserted at the top:
\def\putattop{\global\let\insert@here=N
    \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N}
% Figures are inserted at the bottom (if possible):
\def\putatbottom{\global\let\insert@here=N
    \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=X}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\put@default
\let\last@insert=N        % Always reset to 'N' when a
                          % column is finished
\def\end@skip{\smallskip} % This space is added except
                          % after bottom insertions
\newdimen\min@top
\newdimen\min@here
\newdimen\min@bot
\min@top=10cm
\min@here=4cm   % do not insert figures after a few lines of text only
\min@bot=\topskip % figures may be at the bottom
                  % but there is a \@startins
\def\figfuzz{\vskip 0pt plus 6pt minus 3pt}  % more flexible spacing
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%
\def\check@here@and@bottom#1{\relax
   %%% Several conditions have to be true if a figure or table can be
   %%% inserted at the current position or at the bottom of the page.
   %%% These conditions should preserve the
   %%% order of single column figures and put floating figures
   %%% always to the top of a column. However, exceptions are
   %%% possible with a \puthere\begfig{...}\endfig appearing at
   %%% the current position and a later \begfig{...}\endfig
   %%% appearing at the top of the same column.
   %
   \ifvoid\topins\else       \global\let\insert@here=N\fi
   \if B\last@insert         \global\let\insert@here=N\fi
   \if T\last@insert         \global\let\insert@here=N\fi
   \ifdim #1<\min@bot        \global\let\insert@here=N\fi
   \ifdim\pagetotal>\@colht  \global\let\insert@here=N\fi
   \ifdim\pagetotal<\min@here\global\let\insert@here=N\fi
   %
   \if X\insert@at@the@bottom\global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=Y
     \else\if T\last@insert  \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N\fi
          \if H\last@insert  \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N\fi
          \ifvoid\topins\else\global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N\fi\fi
   \ifdim #1<\min@bot        \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N\fi
   \ifdim\pagetotal>\@colht  \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N\fi
   \ifdim\pagetotal<\min@top \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=N\fi
   %
   \ifvoid\bottomins\else    \global\let\insert@at@the@bottom=Y\fi
   \if Y\insert@at@the@bottom\global\let\insert@here=N\fi }
%
\def\single@column@insert#1{\relax
   \setbox\@tempboxa=\vbox{#1}
   \dimen@=\@colht \advance\dimen@ by -\pagetotal
   \advance\dimen@ by-\ht\@tempboxa \advance\dimen0 by-\dp\@tempboxa
   \advance\dimen@ by-\ht\topins \advance\dimen0 by-\dp\topins
   \check@here@and@bottom{\dimen@}
   \if Y\insert@here
      \par  % The insertion forces a new paragraph in this case.
      \midinsert\figfuzz\bigskip\box\@tempboxa\end@skip
      \figfuzz\endinsert
      \global\let\last@insert=H
   \else \if Y\insert@at@the@bottom
      \begingroup\insert\bottomins\bgroup\if B\last@insert\end@skip\fi
      \floatingpenalty=20000\figfuzz\bigskip
      \box\@tempboxa\egroup\endgroup
      \global\let\last@insert=B
   \else
      \topinsert\box\@tempboxa\end@skip\figfuzz\endinsert
      \global\let\last@insert=T
   \fi\fi\put@default}
%
% ---------------- The insertion macros for the user ----------------
%
\def\begfig#1cm#2\endfig{\single@column@insert{\@startins\frame{#1}#2}}
\def\begfigwid#1cm#2\endfig{\relax
   \if N\lr  % Here the only difference to \begfig is the larger \hsize
      {\hsize=\fullhsize \begfig#1cm#2\endfig}
   \else
      \bothtopinsert\line{\vbox{\hsize=\fullhsize
      \@startins\frame{#1}#2\smallskip}\hss}\figfuzz\endbothinsert
   \fi}
\def\begfigpage#1cm#2\endfig{\specialpage{\@startins
   \vskip3.7pt\frame{#1}#2}}
%
\def\begfigside#1cm#2cm#3\endfig{\relax
   \if N\lr  % Here the only difference to \begfig is the larger \hsize
      {\hsize=\fullhsize \begfig#1cm#3\endfig}%
   \else
      \dimen0=#2true cm\relax
      \ifdim\dimen0<\hsize
         \message{|Your figure fits in a single column; why
                   don't|you use \string\begfig\space instead
                   of \string\begfigside? }%
      \fi
      \dimen0=\fullhsize
      \advance\dimen0 by-#2true cm
      \advance\dimen0 by-1true cc\relax
      \bgroup
         \ifdim\dimen0<8true cc\relax
            \message{|No sufficient room for the legend;
                     using \string\begfigwid. }%
            \begfigwid #1cm#3\endfig
         \else
            \ifdim\dimen0<10true cc\relax
               \message{|Room for legend to narrow;
                        legend will be set raggedright. }%
               \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm\relax
            \fi
            \setbox0=\vbox{\def\figure##1##2{\vbox{\hsize=\dimen0\relax
                           \@startins\noindent\petit{\bf\figg
                           \ts##1\unskip.\ }\ignorespaces##2\par}}%
                           #3\unskip}%
            \ifdim#1true cm<\ht0\relax
               \message{|Text of legend higher than figure; using
                        \string\begfig. }%
               \begfigwid #1cm#3\endfig
            \else
               \def\figure##1##2{\vbox{\hsize=\dimen0\relax
                                       \@startins\noindent\petit{\bf
                                       \figg\ts##1\unskip.\
                                       }\ignorespaces##2\par}}%
               \bothtopinsert\line{\vbox{\hsize=#2true cm\relax
               \@startins\rahmen{#1}}\hss#3\unskip}\figfuzz
               \endbothinsert
            \fi
         \fi
      \egroup
   \fi\ignorespaces}
%
\def\begtabempty#1cm#2\endtab{\single@column@insert{\medskip
                              #2\frame{#1}}}
%
\def\begtabfull#1\endtab{\single@column@insert{\medskip{\petit #1}}}
\def\begtabemptywid#1cm#2\endtab{\relax
   \if N\lr
      {\hsize=\fullhsize \begtabempty#1cm#2\endtab}
   \else
      \bothtopinsert\line{\vbox{\hsize=\fullhsize
      #2\frame{#1}}\hss}\medskip\endbothinsert
   \fi}
%
\def\begtabfullwid#1\endtab{\relax
   \if N\lr
      {\hsize=\fullhsize \begtabfull#1\endtab}
   \else
      \bothtopinsert\line{\vbox{{\petit\hsize=\fullhsize
      \noindent#1}\hss}}\medskip\endbothinsert
   \fi}
\def\begtabpage#1\endtab{\specialpage{#1}}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
% Figure captions modified: \smallskip at the end
% is environment dependent
\def\figure#1#2{\bigskip\noindent{\petit{\bf\figg\ts#1.\ }%
\ignorespaces #2\smallskip}}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%
%%% This is what the new \refereelayout looks like.
%%%
\def\refereelayout{\let\REFEREE=M\footline={\copy\refereebox}
    \message{|A referee's copy will be produced}\par
    \if N\lr\else\if R\lr \onecolumn \fi \let\lr=N
    \topskip=\defaulttopskip\fi}
%
%====================================================================
%%%
%%% Here are a few modifications to style parameters. They discourage
%%% page (or rather column) breaks before displayed equations (but not
%%% as much as it was in PLAIN.TEX).
%%%
\predisplaypenalty=600     % Make a page break before a display harder
\displaywidowpenalty=2000     % and even harder for a widow display.
%%%
%%% Clubs and widows are discouraged. They should never appear in
%%% a the journal. However, TeX cannot distinguish between a bad
%%% page break and a disastrous page break. The very large penalties
%%% for club and widow lines can be reduced temporarily with
%%% \widowsandclubs{nnnn} with nnnn below 1000 (the default is 1010).
%%% If a club or widow line appears (which is possible then),
%%% the user is notified (see the \@makecolumn macro).
%%%
\def\widowsandclubs#1{\global\verybad=#1
   \global\widowpenalty=\the\verybad1      % default: 10101
   \global\clubpenalty=\the\verybad2  }    % default: 10102
\widowsandclubs{1010}
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%%%
%%% In addition to printing the modification note the following
%%% modification of \typeset is important to get balanced columns
%%% on the last page of ordinary text. However, single column figures
%%% or tables printed later might be unbalanced.
%%%
\newcount\the@end \global\the@end=0
%\newbox\springerMacro \setbox\springerMacro=\vbox{}
%\def\typeset{\setbox\springerMacro=\vbox{\petit\noindent
%   This article was processed by the author using
%   Sprin\-ger-Ver\-lag \TeX\ \SprJLogoname\ macro package 1990.}
%   \global\the@end=1}
\def\typeset{%\springerMacro
\global\the@end=1}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`@=12
\catcode`\@=\active   % This is reset by the \maketitle macro