% lists.tex

\ifx\trivlist\UNDEFINED\else\endinput\fi

\ifx\noindentifnofollpar\UNDEFINED
\gdef\noindentifnofollpar{\futurelet\next\noindentifnofollparII}%
\gdef\noindentifnofollparII{\ifx\next\par\else
  \noindent\ignorespaces\fi}%
\fi

\def\trivlist{\trivlistskip\begingroup\vskip0pt}
\def\endtrivlist{\vskip0pt\endgroup\trivlistskip
  \noindentifnofollpar}

\def\trivlistskip{\smallskip}

\def\indentenv{\advance\leftskip by \parindent}

\def\skipbetweenitems{\relax}
%\def\skipbetweenitems{\vskip.5\smallskipamount}

\def\quotation{\trivlist\indentenv\noindent}
\def\endquotation{\endtrivlist} 

\def\itemizeitem#1{\ifvmode
\skipbetweenitems\noindent\fi
\hskip-\parindent
\setbox0\hbox{#1\enspace}%
\ifdim\wd0>\parindent
\box0\par\nobreak\noindent\else
\hbox to\parindent{\hfill\unhbox0}\fi
\ignorespaces}

\def\itemize{\trivlist\indentenv
  \let\item\itemizeitem}
\def\enditemize{\endtrivlist}

\def\begin#1{\csname #1\endcsname
  \let\end\endenvironment}

\def\endenvironment#1{\csname end#1\endcsname}

\def\beginsection#1\par{\bigbreak\noindent
  {\bf#1}\medskip\noindent}  




% verb.tex 

\let\verbatimfont\tt

\def\setupverbatim{%
  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12\relax}%
  \catcode`@=12
  \dospecials
  \verbatimfont
  \makeverbatimspace
  \makeverbatimlq
  \let\successivenewlines0%
  \def\par{\ifvmode\ifx\successivenewlines0%
    \let\successivenewlines1\medskip\fi\else
    \let\successivenewlines0\endgraf\fi}%    
  \obeylines}

\begingroup
\catcode`\ \active%
\gdef\makeverbatimspace{%
\catcode`\ \active%
\def {\leavevmode\ }}%
\endgroup

\def\makeverbatimlqactive{\catcode``=\active}

\begingroup
\catcode``=\active
\gdef\makeverbatimlq{\makeverbatimlqactive
  \let`\lq}%
\endgroup

\def\verb{\begingroup
  \setupverbatim
  \verbI}

% \def\verbI#1{\catcode`#1\active
%   \begingroup
%   \lccode`\~`#1%
%   \lowercase{\endgroup\let~\endverb}}

\begingroup\catcode`\<1\catcode`\>2
\catcode`\{12
\gdef\verbI#1<%
  \if#1{\catcode`\}\active\begingroup\lccode`\~`\}\else
  \catcode`#1\active\begingroup\lccode`\~`#1\fi
  \lowercase<\endgroup\let~\endverb>>%
\endgroup

\def\endverb{\ifvmode
  \def\next{\endgroup\noindentifnofollpar}\else
  \let\next\endgroup\fi\next}

\ifx\noindentifnofollpar\UNDEFINED
\gdef\noindentifnofollpar{\futurelet\next\noindentifnofollparII}%
\gdef\noindentifnofollparII{\ifx\next\par\else
  \noindent\ignorespaces\fi}%
\fi

\begingroup
\catcode`\ \active%
\catcode`\^^M\active%
\gdef\path{\begingroup%
\setupverbatim%
\catcode`\ \active%
\catcode`\^^M\active%
\def {\discretionary{}{}{}}%
\def^^M{\discretionary{}{}{}}%
\verbI}%
\endgroup

\def\verbatimfile#1{\begingroup
  \setupverbatim  
  \par  
  \input #1
  \par
  \endverb}
% indexmac.tex

% \input indexmac before first use of the \index control
% sequence. Your TeX source contains \index{name} to
% signal that name should be included in the index.
% Check the makeindex documentation to see the various
% ways `name' can be specified, e.g., for subitems, for
% explicitly specifying the alphabetization for a name
% involving TeX control sequences, etc.
% 
% The first run of TeX will create \jobname.idx.
% makeindex on \jobname[.idx] will create the sorted
% index \jobname.ind.
% 
% Use \inputindex (without arguments) to include this
% sorted index, typically somewhere to the end of your
% document.  This will produce the items and subitems.
% You will have to typeset a section heading (typically
% ``Index'') yourself.

\newwrite\indexout
\openout\indexout \jobname.idx

\def\sanitizeidxletters{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=11 }%
  \do\\\do\$\do\&\do\#\do\^\do\_\do\%\do\~%
  \do\@\do\"\do\!\do\|\do\-\do\ \do\'}

\def\index{\unskip\begingroup
  \sanitizeidxletters
  \indexI}

\def\indexI#1{\endgroup
  \write\indexout{\string\indexentry{#1}{\folio}}}

% The following index style indents subitems on a
% separate lines

\def\theindex{\begingroup
  \parskip0pt \parindent0pt
  \def\indexitem##1{\par\hangindent30pt \hangafter1 
    \hskip ##1 }
  \def\item{\indexitem{0em}}%
  \def\subitem{\indexitem{2em}}%
  \def\subsubitem{\indexitem{4em}}%
  \let\indexspace\medskip}

\def\endtheindex{\endgroup}

\def\inputindex{%
  \immediate\openin0 \jobname.ind
  \ifeof0 \immediate\closein0
  \message{Use makeindex to generate index file.}
  \else\immediate\closein0
  \begingroup
  \def\begin##1{\csname##1\endcsname}%
  \def\end##1{\csname end##1\endcsname}%
  \input\jobname.ind
  \endgroup
  \fi}     
% xref.tex

% Cross references
% 
% \tag{TAG}{VALUE} ties TAG to VALUE.  TAG can contain
% letters, digits, and the characters taken care of in
% \sanitizexrefletters.  Don't try using { and }.
% 
% \ref{TAG} gets the VALUE associated with TAG
% ``Forward'' references will not be resolved on the
% first pass of TeX --- a ? will show up where VALUE
% should.  It will be resolved on a second pass.
% 
% \pagetag{TAG} ties PAGETAG to the current page number. 
% 
% \pageref{TAG} gets the pagenumber for PAGETAG.n
% 
% \label{TAG}{VALUE} ties TAG to VALUE, and PAGETAG to
% the current pagenumber.

\def\readxreffile{\begingroup
  \openin0 \jobname.xrf
  \ifeof0 \closein0
  \else\closein0
  \input\jobname.xrf \fi}

\newwrite\xrefout
\openout\xrefout \jobname.xrf

\def\sanitizexrefletters{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=11 }%
  \do\\\do\$\do\&\do\#\do\^\do\_\do\%\do\~%
  \do\@\do\"\do\!\do\|\do\-\do\:\do\ \do\'}

\def\crossreference{\begingroup
  \sanitizexrefletters
  \crossreferenceI}

\def\crossreferenceI#1{\endgroup\gdef
  \csname XREF#1\endcsname}  

\def\crossreference#1{\expandafter\gdef
  \csname XREF#1\endcsname}

\def\tag{\unskip\begingroup
  \sanitizexrefletters
  \tagI}

\def\tagI#1{\endgroup
  \tagII{#1}}

\def\tagII#1#2{\write\xrefout{\string\crossreference{#1}{#2}}%
  \ignorespaces}  

\def\ref{\begingroup
  \sanitizexrefletters
  \refI}

\def\refI#1{\endgroup
  \expandafter\ifx\csname XREF#1\endcsname\relax
  ?\else\csname XREF#1\endcsname\fi}

\def\pagetag{\unskip\begingroup
  \sanitizexrefletters
  \pagetagI}

\def\pagetagI#1{\endgroup
  \tagII{PAGE#1}{\folio}}

\def\pageref{\begingroup
  \pagerefI}

\def\pagerefI#1{\endgroup
  \refI{PAGE#1}}

\def\label{\unskip\begingroup
  \sanitizexrefletters
  \labelI}

\def\labelI#1{\endgroup
  \tagII{PAGE#1}{\folio}%
  \tagII{#1}}

\readxreffile
\newcount\footnotenumber
\def\nfootnote{\unskip
  \global\advance\footnotenumber1
  \footnote{$^{\the\footnotenumber}$}}


% mcol.tex

%extracted from Karl Berry's xeplain.tex
\catcode`@=11
%  Double column output.
%
% \doublecolumns begins double column output.  It can be called
% in the midst of a page.  \singlecolumn restores single column
% output.  (It would be wrong to require \enddoublecolumns, because
% often one wants double column mode to continue to the end of
% the document.)
%
% The basic approach is that of Appendix E of the TeXbook, p.417.
% David Guichard made significant improvements to my original implementation.
%
% The glue here (the default is intended to be one linespace) is inserted
% before double columns start, and after they end.
%
\newskip\abovecolumnskip \abovecolumnskip = \bigskipamount
\newskip\belowcolumnskip \belowcolumnskip = \bigskipamount
%
% Space between the columns. It can be changed as desired.
\newdimen\gutter \gutter = 2pc
%
% These registers are needed for dealing with switching back and forth.
\newbox\@partialpage
\newdimen\@columnhsize
\newdimen\@normalhsize
\newdimen\@normalvsize
\newtoks\previousoutput
%
% Some synonymous ways to refer to multiple column modes.
\def\quadcolumns{\@columns4}%
\def\triplecolumns{\@columns3}%
\def\doublecolumns{\@columns2}%
\def\begincolumns#1{\ifcase#1\relax \or \singlecolumn \or \@columns2 \or
                            \@columns3 \or \@columns4 \else \relax \fi}%
\let\endcolumns = \singlecolumn
\let\@ndcolumns = \relax
%
% Set this by default so \vfootnote can unconditionally inspect it.
\chardef\@numcolumns = 1
%
% Start typesetting with #1 columns.
\def\@columns#1{%
  \@ndcolumns
  %
  \let\@ndcolumns = \@endcolumns
  \chardef\@numcolumns = #1
  %
  \par                     % Shouldn't start in horizontal mode.
  \previousoutput = \expandafter{\the\output}%
  %
  % Figure out how wide the columns should be -- for n columns,
  % decrement by n - 1 gutters.
  \@columnhsize = \hsize
  \count@ = \@numcolumns
  \advance\count@ by -1
  \advance\@columnhsize by -\count@\gutter
  \divide\@columnhsize by \@numcolumns
  %
  % Set up to grab the page so far and save it in \@partialpage.
  \output = {\global\setbox\@partialpage =
    \vbox{\unvbox255\vskip\abovecolumnskip}%
  }%
  %
  % \pagegoal is the size that TeX will make \box255.  We want a box
  % exactly the size of the current height of the page, i.e., \pagetotal.
  \pagegoal = \pagetotal
  %
  % Expand the \output we just defined.
  \eject
  %
  % Reset \output to prepare for the first real page break.
  \output = {\@columnoutput}%
  \@normalhsize = \hsize
  \@normalvsize = \vsize
  \hsize = \@columnhsize
  %
  % Compute \vsize based on what's already on the page
  % and the number of columns. Also change the mag factor for insertions.
  \advance\vsize by -\ht\@partialpage
  %
  \advance\vsize by -\ht\footins
  \ifvoid\footins\else \advance\vsize by -\skip\footins \fi
  \multiply\count\footins by \@numcolumns
  %
  \advance\vsize by -\ht\topins
  \ifvoid\topins\else \advance\vsize by -\skip\topins \fi
  \multiply\count\topins by \@numcolumns
  %
  \global\vsize = \@numcolumns\vsize
}%
%
% When this is invoked box 255 contains just the right amount of
% material, whether triggered by an output routine or a change in the
% number of columns. Because columns have to contain an integral number
% of lines of type, we take a bit of care with balancing the heights of
% the columns to prevent either losing material or having a very short
% last column.
%
% when a page ends due to \bye or \eject, box 255 will contain lots of
% white space, so the columns will not look balanced. To fix this use
% \singlecolumn before ending the page.
%
\def\@columnsplit{%
  \splittopskip = \topskip
  \splitmaxdepth = \baselineskip
  %
  % \dimen@ will be the height that the double-column material on this
  % page should have, i.e., the height of the page (\singlecolumvsize)
  % minus single-column material, which includes insertions.  (If you
  % want your insertions to respect the columns, you will have to
  % change the output routine.)  If you add more insertions, they
  % should be taken into account both here and in \singlecolumn.
  %
  % Unfortunately, we lose on flexible glue because we must
  % \vsplit to a <dimen>.
  \dimen@ = \ht255
    \divide\dimen@ by \@numcolumns
 %
 % Split the long scroll into columns.
 \begingroup
    % We do not want to see underfull \vbox messages unless the final
    % page is underfull.
    \vbadness = 10000
    %
    % The first (leftmost) column.
    \global\setbox1 = \vsplit255 to \dimen@  \global\wd1 = \hsize
    %
    % The second column.
    \global\setbox3 = \vsplit255 to \dimen@  \global\wd3 = \hsize
    %
    \ifnum\@numcolumns > 2
      % The third column, if requested.
      \global\setbox5 = \vsplit255 to \dimen@ \global\wd5 = \hsize
    \fi
    \ifnum\@numcolumns > 3
      % The fourth column, likewise if requested.
      \global\setbox7 = \vsplit255 to \dimen@ \global\wd7 = \hsize
    \fi
  \endgroup
  %
  % Preserve what's left over.
  \setbox0 = \box255
  %
  % Set up \box255 with the real output page, as the previous output
  % routine expects.
  \global\setbox255 = \vbox{%
    \unvbox\@partialpage
    \ifcase\@numcolumns \relax\or\relax
      \or \hbox to \@normalhsize{\box1\hfil\box3}%
      \or \hbox to \@normalhsize{\box1\hfil\box3\hfil\box5}%
      \or \hbox to \@normalhsize{\box1\hfil\box3\hfil\box5\hfil\box7}%
    \fi
  }%
  %
  % Save what's left over in a private register before calling their
  % output routine.
  \setbox\@partialpage = \box0
}%
%
% Our output routine splits the columns and then calls the previous one.
%
\def\@columnoutput{%
  \@columnsplit
  \hsize = \@normalhsize % Local to \output's group.
  \vsize = \@normalvsize
  \the\previousoutput
  %
  % Put back what didn't fit.
  \unvbox\@partialpage
  \penalty\outputpenalty
  %
  % The correct vsize is the original vsize times the
  % number of columns.
  \global\vsize = \@numcolumns\@normalvsize
}%
%
% Go back to single-column typesetting.  Assume \doublecolumns has
% been called.
%
\def\singlecolumn{%
  \@ndcolumns
  \chardef\@numcolumns = 1
  \vskip\belowcolumnskip
  \nointerlineskip
}%
%
\def\@endcolumns{%
  \global\let\@ndcolumns = \relax
  \par % Shouldn't start in horizontal mode.
  %
  \global\output = {\global\setbox1 = \box255}%
  \pagegoal = \pagetotal
  \eject                    % Exercise the page builder, i.e., \output.
  \global\setbox255 = \box1 % Retrieve what the fake \output set.
  %
  % \box255 now has the double-column material.  On the page where we
  % switch back to one column, the double-column material might not
  % fill up the page.  We want to split whatever is there.
  \@columnsplit
  %
  \global\vsize = \@normalvsize
  \global\hsize = \@normalhsize
  \global\output = \expandafter{\the\previousoutput}%
  %
  \ifvoid\topins\else\topinsert\unvbox\topins\endinsert\fi
  \unvbox255
}%
%
% We don't have any way to force a column eject, since the \output
% routine is only prepared to split up a full page of material. Instead,
% we provide the following as a guess at enough space to fill up the
% current column.
\def\columnfill{%
  \dimen@ = \@normalvsize
  \advance\dimen@ by -\pagetotal
  \kern\dimen@
}
%
%

\let\endcolumns\singlecolumn